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Bryophytes hold a larger gene family space than vascular plants

Shanshan Dong, Sibo Wang, Linzhou Li, Jin Yu, Yongxia Zhang, Jia-Yu Xue, Hengchi Chen (UGent) , Jianchao Ma, Yuying Zeng, Yuqing Cai, et al.
(2025) NATURE GENETICS. 57(10). p.2562-2569
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Abstract
After 500 million years of evolution, extant land plants compose the following two sister groups: the bryophytes and the vascular plants. Despite their small size and simple structure, bryophytes thrive in a wide variety of habitats, including extreme conditions. However, the genetic basis for their ecological adaptability and long-term survival is not well understood. A comprehensive super-pangenome analysis, incorporating 123 newly sequenced bryophyte genomes, reveals that bryophytes possess a substantially greater diversity of gene families than vascular plants. This includes a higher number of unique and lineage-specific gene families, originating from extensive new gene formation and continuous horizontal transfer of microbial genes over their long evolutionary history. The evolution of bryophytes' rich and diverse genetic toolkit, which includes new physiological innovations like unique immune receptors, likely facilitated their spread across different biomes. These newly sequenced bryophyte genomes offer a valuable resource for exploring alternative evolutionary strategies for terrestrial success.
Keywords
LAND PLANTS, SECONDARY METABOLITES, MARCHANTIA-POLYMORPHA, PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS, EVOLUTION, GENOME, PROTEIN, ORIGIN, IDENTIFICATION, DIVERSITY

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MLA
Dong, Shanshan, et al. “Bryophytes Hold a Larger Gene Family Space than Vascular Plants.” NATURE GENETICS, vol. 57, no. 10, 2025, pp. 2562–69, doi:10.1038/s41588-025-02325-9.
APA
Dong, S., Wang, S., Li, L., Yu, J., Zhang, Y., Xue, J.-Y., … Liu, Y. (2025). Bryophytes hold a larger gene family space than vascular plants. NATURE GENETICS, 57(10), 2562–2569. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41588-025-02325-9
Chicago author-date
Dong, Shanshan, Sibo Wang, Linzhou Li, Jin Yu, Yongxia Zhang, Jia-Yu Xue, Hengchi Chen, et al. 2025. “Bryophytes Hold a Larger Gene Family Space than Vascular Plants.” NATURE GENETICS 57 (10): 2562–69. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41588-025-02325-9.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Dong, Shanshan, Sibo Wang, Linzhou Li, Jin Yu, Yongxia Zhang, Jia-Yu Xue, Hengchi Chen, Jianchao Ma, Yuying Zeng, Yuqing Cai, Wei Huang, Xuping Zhou, Jiayi Wu, Jianyou Li, Yifeng Yao, Ruoyang Hu, Tao Zhao, Juan Carlos Villarreal A, Leon Dirick, Li Liu, Michael Ignatov, Minghui Jin, Jue Ruan, Yikun He, Haifeng Wang, Bo Xu, Ricardo Rozzi, Jill Wegrzyn, Dennis William Stevenson, Karen S. Renzaglia, Hongfeng Chen, Li Zhang, Shouzhou Zhang, Roy Mackenzie, Javier E. Moreno, Michael Melkonian, Tong Wei, Ying Gu, Xun Xu, Stefan A. Rensing, Jinling Huang, Manyuan Long, Bernard Goffinet, John L. Bowman, Yves Van de Peer, Huan Liu, and Yang Liu. 2025. “Bryophytes Hold a Larger Gene Family Space than Vascular Plants.” NATURE GENETICS 57 (10): 2562–2569. doi:10.1038/s41588-025-02325-9.
Vancouver
1.
Dong S, Wang S, Li L, Yu J, Zhang Y, Xue J-Y, et al. Bryophytes hold a larger gene family space than vascular plants. NATURE GENETICS. 2025;57(10):2562–9.
IEEE
[1]
S. Dong et al., “Bryophytes hold a larger gene family space than vascular plants,” NATURE GENETICS, vol. 57, no. 10, pp. 2562–2569, 2025.
@article{01K8K1SKDC1JZFGXCP0WQJ0MWC,
  abstract     = {{After 500 million years of evolution, extant land plants compose the following two sister groups: the bryophytes and the vascular plants. Despite their small size and simple structure, bryophytes thrive in a wide variety of habitats, including extreme conditions. However, the genetic basis for their ecological adaptability and long-term survival is not well understood. A comprehensive super-pangenome analysis, incorporating 123 newly sequenced bryophyte genomes, reveals that bryophytes possess a substantially greater diversity of gene families than vascular plants. This includes a higher number of unique and lineage-specific gene families, originating from extensive new gene formation and continuous horizontal transfer of microbial genes over their long evolutionary history. The evolution of bryophytes' rich and diverse genetic toolkit, which includes new physiological innovations like unique immune receptors, likely facilitated their spread across different biomes. These newly sequenced bryophyte genomes offer a valuable resource for exploring alternative evolutionary strategies for terrestrial success.}},
  author       = {{Dong, Shanshan and Wang, Sibo and Li, Linzhou and Yu, Jin and Zhang, Yongxia and Xue, Jia-Yu and Chen, Hengchi and Ma, Jianchao and Zeng, Yuying and Cai, Yuqing and Huang, Wei and Zhou, Xuping and Wu, Jiayi and Li, Jianyou and Yao, Yifeng and Hu, Ruoyang and Zhao, Tao and Villarreal A, Juan Carlos and Dirick, Leon and Liu, Li and Ignatov, Michael and Jin, Minghui and Ruan, Jue and He, Yikun and Wang, Haifeng and Xu, Bo and Rozzi, Ricardo and Wegrzyn, Jill and Stevenson, Dennis William and Renzaglia, Karen S. and Chen, Hongfeng and Zhang, Li and Zhang, Shouzhou and Mackenzie, Roy and Moreno, Javier E. and Melkonian, Michael and Wei, Tong and Gu, Ying and Xu, Xun and Rensing, Stefan A. and Huang, Jinling and Long, Manyuan and Goffinet, Bernard and Bowman, John L. and Van de Peer, Yves and Liu, Huan and Liu, Yang}},
  issn         = {{1061-4036}},
  journal      = {{NATURE GENETICS}},
  keywords     = {{LAND PLANTS,SECONDARY METABOLITES,MARCHANTIA-POLYMORPHA,PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS,EVOLUTION,GENOME,PROTEIN,ORIGIN,IDENTIFICATION,DIVERSITY}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{10}},
  pages        = {{2562--2569}},
  title        = {{Bryophytes hold a larger gene family space than vascular plants}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1038/s41588-025-02325-9}},
  volume       = {{57}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}
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