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The efficacy of self-amplifying RNA vaccines against H5N1 influenza and the impact of pre-existing immunity against the replicase of self-amplifying RNA

Xiaole Cui (UGent)
(2025)
Author
Promoter
(UGent) and (UGent)
Organization
Abstract
Since the 1990s, mRNA technology has been explored as a vaccine platform, achieving its first widespread success during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. Self-amplifying mRNA (saRNA), typically derived from alphaviruses, offers significant advantages over conventional mRNA by inducing stronger immune responses at lower doses. By 2023, saRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines received emergency use authorization in India, and later also full approval in Japan and the EU, underscoring their transformative potential in modern vaccinology. The key advantages of saRNA include: (1) dose-sparing due to its self-amplifying property, (2) prolonged antigen expression, driving more robust and sustained immune responses. These features position saRNA as a promising platform for next-generation vaccines. Chapter 1 provides a general introduction relevant to this thesis and covering three main areas: (1) an overview of current influenza vaccines and the advantage of different platforms, (2) the structure, translation, and delivery mechanisms of mRNA, and (3) the innate and adaptive immune response induced by mRNA or saRNA vaccines.

Citation

Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:

MLA
Cui, Xiaole. The Efficacy of Self-Amplifying RNA Vaccines against H5N1 Influenza and the Impact of Pre-Existing Immunity against the Replicase of Self-Amplifying RNA. Ghent University. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 2025.
APA
Cui, X. (2025). The efficacy of self-amplifying RNA vaccines against H5N1 influenza and the impact of pre-existing immunity against the replicase of self-amplifying RNA. Ghent University. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Merelbeke-Melle, Belgium.
Chicago author-date
Cui, Xiaole. 2025. “The Efficacy of Self-Amplifying RNA Vaccines against H5N1 Influenza and the Impact of Pre-Existing Immunity against the Replicase of Self-Amplifying RNA.” Merelbeke-Melle, Belgium: Ghent University. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Cui, Xiaole. 2025. “The Efficacy of Self-Amplifying RNA Vaccines against H5N1 Influenza and the Impact of Pre-Existing Immunity against the Replicase of Self-Amplifying RNA.” Merelbeke-Melle, Belgium: Ghent University. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine.
Vancouver
1.
Cui X. The efficacy of self-amplifying RNA vaccines against H5N1 influenza and the impact of pre-existing immunity against the replicase of self-amplifying RNA. [Merelbeke-Melle, Belgium]: Ghent University. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; 2025.
IEEE
[1]
X. Cui, “The efficacy of self-amplifying RNA vaccines against H5N1 influenza and the impact of pre-existing immunity against the replicase of self-amplifying RNA,” Ghent University. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Merelbeke-Melle, Belgium, 2025.
@phdthesis{01K896BB914QVMGT0ZCWXG4A4S,
  abstract     = {{Since the 1990s, mRNA technology has been explored as a vaccine platform, achieving its first widespread success during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. Self-amplifying mRNA (saRNA), typically derived from alphaviruses, offers significant advantages over conventional mRNA by inducing stronger immune responses at lower doses. By 2023, saRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines received emergency use authorization in India, and later also full approval in Japan and the EU, underscoring their transformative potential in modern vaccinology. The key advantages of saRNA include: (1) dose-sparing due to its self-amplifying property, (2) prolonged antigen expression, driving more robust and sustained immune responses. These features position saRNA as a promising platform for next-generation vaccines. Chapter 1 provides a general introduction relevant to this thesis and covering three main areas: (1) an overview of current influenza vaccines and the advantage of different platforms, (2) the structure, translation, and delivery mechanisms of mRNA, and (3) the innate and adaptive immune response induced by mRNA or saRNA vaccines.}},
  author       = {{Cui, Xiaole}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  pages        = {{VI, 174, VI}},
  publisher    = {{Ghent University. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine}},
  school       = {{Ghent University}},
  title        = {{The efficacy of self-amplifying RNA vaccines against H5N1 influenza and the impact of pre-existing immunity against the replicase of self-amplifying RNA}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}