@article{01K7GMVZT397VM34RDX2ZV9JYY,
  abstract     = {{Ozone (O3) is effective for degrading persistent organic pollutants in wastewater but its efficiency is limited by poor O3 gas/liquid mass transfer (kLa) and low O3 utilization efficiency (typically 30 %-64 % in bubble columns). This review critically evaluates strategies to intensify O3 mass transfer and enhance pollutant degradation. The kLa and energy consumption in different commonly used ozone contactors was compared, highlighting the importance of developing enhancement methods. Based on this, four types of techniques (i.e. applying physical fields, implementing membrane technology, utilizing micro/nano bubbles, and adding additives) were evaluated using kLa enhancement factor, pollutant degradation efficiency, and scalability as criteria. Physical methods (including ultrasound, electric field, and high gravity) enhanced kLa by 1.3-3 times but face scalability challenges due to high energy demands. Micro/nano-bubble producing systems coupled with catalysts such as activated carbon or chemical additives achieved kLa enhancements 3-4 times, increasing degradation of refractory pollutants by over 60 % removal. However, the microbubble generation also demands additional energy and chemical additives may cause secondary pollution. Natural mineral packings provide a balanced solution, enhancing kLa by 2.5-3 times and recalcitrant pollutant removal by 25-30 % at low energy consumption without secondary separation issues. For scalability, membrane contactors and catalytic microbubble have been applied at large-scale wastewater treatment while the stability of membrane and catalysts needs to be further improved. Overall, this study identifies favorable strategy for O3 gas/liquid mass transfer and pollutant removal for sustainable water treatment.}},
  articleno    = {{124719}},
  author       = {{Yang, Xuetong and Zhang, Tao and Liu, Ze and Zhang, Rui and Chen, Changtao and Li, Zhengyao and Demeestere, Kristof and Van Hulle, Stijn}},
  issn         = {{0043-1354}},
  journal      = {{WATER RESEARCH}},
  keywords     = {{Ozonation,Mass transfer,Ozone utilization efficiency,Pollutant removal,Water treatment,ROTATING PACKED-BED,WASTE-WATER TREATMENT,CATALYTIC OZONATION,MEMBRANE CONTACTOR,ACTIVATED CARBON,TRANSFER COEFFICIENT,ENHANCED OZONATION,GAS-LIQUID,PERFORMANCE,ABSORPTION}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{part B}},
  pages        = {{15}},
  title        = {{Intensification of ozone gas/liquid mass transfer and ozonation efficiency : a critical review}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2025.124719}},
  volume       = {{288}},
  year         = {{2026}},
}

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