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Essential metrics for Life on graphs

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Abstract
We present a strong theoretical foundation that frames a well-defined family of outer-totalistic network automaton models as a topological generalisation of binary outer-totalistic cellular automata, of which the Game of Life is one notable particular case. These “Life-like network automata” are quantitatively described by expressing their genotype (the mean field curve and Derrida curve) and phenotype (the evolution of the state and defect averages). After demonstrating that the genotype and phenotype are correlated, we illustrate the utility of these essential metrics by tackling the firing squad synchronisation problem in a bottom-up fashion, with results that exceed a 90% success rate.
Keywords
Network automata, Random Boolean networks, Cellular automata, The Game of Life, Graph theory, Firing squad synchronisation problem, CELLULAR-AUTOMATA, PHASE-TRANSITIONS, STATISTICAL-MECHANICS, DYNAMICS, COMPUTATION, COMPLEXITY, EVOLUTION, CONWAYS, GAME

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Citation

Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:

MLA
Rollier, Michiel, et al. “Essential Metrics for Life on Graphs.” PHYSICA D-NONLINEAR PHENOMENA, vol. 483, 2025, doi:10.1016/j.physd.2025.134950.
APA
Rollier, M., Oliveira, L. C. de, Martinez Bruno, O., & Baetens, J. (2025). Essential metrics for Life on graphs. PHYSICA D-NONLINEAR PHENOMENA, 483. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physd.2025.134950
Chicago author-date
Rollier, Michiel, Lucas Caldeira de Oliveira, Odemir Martinez Bruno, and Jan Baetens. 2025. “Essential Metrics for Life on Graphs.” PHYSICA D-NONLINEAR PHENOMENA 483. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physd.2025.134950.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Rollier, Michiel, Lucas Caldeira de Oliveira, Odemir Martinez Bruno, and Jan Baetens. 2025. “Essential Metrics for Life on Graphs.” PHYSICA D-NONLINEAR PHENOMENA 483. doi:10.1016/j.physd.2025.134950.
Vancouver
1.
Rollier M, Oliveira LC de, Martinez Bruno O, Baetens J. Essential metrics for Life on graphs. PHYSICA D-NONLINEAR PHENOMENA. 2025;483.
IEEE
[1]
M. Rollier, L. C. de Oliveira, O. Martinez Bruno, and J. Baetens, “Essential metrics for Life on graphs,” PHYSICA D-NONLINEAR PHENOMENA, vol. 483, 2025.
@article{01K7E8P356PZV1HHCXSW50396Z,
  abstract     = {{We present a strong theoretical foundation that frames a well-defined family of outer-totalistic network automaton models as a topological generalisation of binary outer-totalistic cellular automata, of which the Game of Life is one notable particular case. These “Life-like network automata” are quantitatively described by expressing their genotype (the mean field curve and Derrida curve) and phenotype (the evolution of the state and defect averages). After demonstrating that the genotype and phenotype are correlated, we illustrate the utility of these essential metrics by tackling the firing squad synchronisation problem in a bottom-up fashion, with results that exceed a 90% success rate.}},
  articleno    = {{134950}},
  author       = {{Rollier, Michiel and Oliveira, Lucas Caldeira de and Martinez Bruno, Odemir and Baetens, Jan}},
  issn         = {{0167-2789}},
  journal      = {{PHYSICA D-NONLINEAR PHENOMENA}},
  keywords     = {{Network automata,Random Boolean networks,Cellular automata,The Game of Life,Graph theory,Firing squad synchronisation problem,CELLULAR-AUTOMATA,PHASE-TRANSITIONS,STATISTICAL-MECHANICS,DYNAMICS,COMPUTATION,COMPLEXITY,EVOLUTION,CONWAYS,GAME}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  pages        = {{10}},
  title        = {{Essential metrics for Life on graphs}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1016/j.physd.2025.134950}},
  volume       = {{483}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}

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