@article{01K6FT3C1J15172FEVNMY88WSV,
  abstract     = {{Background: Physical fitness in childhood and adolescence is associated with a variety of health outcomes and is a powerful marker of current and future health. However, inconsistencies in tests and protocols limit international monitoring and surveillance. The objective of the study was to seek international consensus on a proposed, evidence-informed, Youth Fitness International Test (YFIT) battery and protocols for health monitoring and surveillance in children and adolescents aged 6-18 years.

Methods: We conducted an international modified Delphi study to evaluate the level of agreement with a proposed, evidence-based, YFIT of core health-related fitness tests and protocols to be used worldwide in 6- to 18-year-olds. This proposal was based on previous European and North American projects that systematically reviewed the existing evidence to identify the most valid, reliable, health-related, safe, and feasible fitness tests to be used in children and adolescents aged 6-18 years. We designed a single-panel modified Delphi study and invited 216 experts from all around the world to answer this Delphi survey, of whom one-third are from low-to-middle income countries and one-third are women. Four experts were involved in the piloting of the survey and did not participate in the main Delphi study to avoid bias. We pre-defined an agreement of ≥80% among the expert participants to achieve consensus.

Results: We obtained a high response rate (78%) with a total of 169 fitness experts from 50 countries and territories, including 63 women and 61 experts from low- or middle-income countries/territories. Consensus (>85% agreement) was achieved for all proposed tests and protocols, supporting the YFIT battery, which includes weight and height (to compute body mass index as a proxy of body size/composition), the 20-m shuttle run (cardiorespiratory fitness), handgrip strength, and standing long jump (muscular fitness).

Conclusion: This study contributes to standardizing fitness tests and protocols used for research, monitoring, and surveillance across the world, which will allow for future data pooling and the development of international and regional sex- and age-specific reference values, health-related cut-points, and a global picture of fitness among children and adolescents.}},
  articleno    = {{101012}},
  author       = {{Ortega, Francisco B. and Zhang, Kai and Cadenas-Sanchez, Cristina and Tremblay, Mark S. and Jurak, Gregor and Tomkinson, Grant R. and Ruiz, Jonatan R. and Keller, Katja and Nyström, Christine Delisle and Sacheck, Jennifer M. and Pate, Russell and Weston, Kathryn L. and Kidokoro, Tetsuhiro and Poon, Eric T. and Wachira, Lucy-Joy M. and Ssenyonga, Ronald and Gomes, Thayse Natacha Q.F. and Cristi-Montero, Carlos and Fraser, Brooklyn J. and Niessner, Claudia and Onywera, Vincent O. and Liu, Yang and Liang, Li-Lin and Prince, Stephanie A. and Lubans, David R. and Lang, Justin J. and Oyeyemi, Adewale L. and Marques, Adilson and Gribbon, Aidan and Gaya, Anelise Reis and García-Hermoso, Antonio and Sääkslahti, Arja and Emeljanovas, Arunas and Faigenbaum, Avery and Nakabazzi, Bernadette and Leskošek, Bojan and Popovic, Boris and O'Keeffe, Brendan and Timmons, Brian W. and Mieziene, Brigita and Fraser, Brooklyn and Brand, Caroline and Anza-Ramirez, Cecilia and Alvarez-Bueno, Celia and Agostinis-Sobrinho, Cesar A. and Hillman, Charles H. and Niessner, Claudia and Drenowatz, Clemens and Magnussen, Costan G. and Cadenas-Sanchez, Cristina and Berglind, Daniel and da Silva, Danilo Rodrigues Pereira and Colella, Dario and Lubans, David and Matelot, David and Tladi, Dawn M. and Silva, Diego Augusto Santos and Moliner-Urdiales, Diego and Dumuid, Dot and Blain, Dylan and Jáuregui-Ulloa, Edtna and Pintos-Toledo, Enrique and Poon, Eric T. and Lee, Eun-Young and Riso, Eva-Maria and Mäestu, Evelin and Bardid, Farid and Cañete, Felicia and Rodríguez-Rodríguez, Fernando and De Roia, Gabriela and Tabacchi, Garden and Stratton, Gareth and Sandercock, Gavin and Georgiev, Georgi and Vicente-Rodríguez, Germán and Ferrari, Gerson and Rosa, Gil and Welk, Greg and Jurak, Gregor and Starc, Gregor and Labayen, Idoia and Cigarroa, Igor and Esteban-Cornejo, Irene and Emeterio, Iván Clavel San and Milanović, Ivana and Clarke, Janine and Dobosz, Janusz and Mäestu, Jarek and Brazo-Sayavera, Javier and Sacheck, Jennifer M. and Servais, Jennifer and Secchi, Jeremías David and Vanhelst, Jérémy and Ramírez, Jesús Viciana and Magalhães, João and Soto-Sánchez, Johana and Jaunig, Johannes and Reilly, John J. and Smith, Jordan and Mota, Jorge and Castro-Piñero, Jose and López-Gil, José Francisco and Githang'a, Juliah Wambui and Mello, Júlio Brugnara and Janz, Kathleen and Weston, Kathryn L. and Laurson, Kelly and Till, Kevin and Dlamini, Khanyile and Tambalis, Konstantinos D. and Basterfield, Laura and Joensuu, Laura and Béghin, Laurent and Santos, Leandro dos and Mugisha, Lillian and Zou, Liye and Taylor, Juan Ricardo López Y and Štefan, Lovro and Léger, Luc and Wachira, Lucy-Joy and Sardinha, Luís B. and Rubin, Lukas and Thuany, Mabliny and Cuenca-García, Magdalena and Paw, Mai Chin A and Sanchez-Lopez, Mairena and Pihu, Maret and Noriega, Maria Jose and Medrano-Echeverría, María and Beltran-Valls, Maria Reyes and Löf, Marie and Misigoj-Durakovic, Marjeta and Tremblay, Mark S. and Gerber, Markus and Sorić, Maroje and Giuriato, Matteo and Vandoni, Matteo and Lenoir, Matthieu and Santander, Mauro D. and Peralta, Miguel and Huhtiniemi, Mikko and Said, Mohamed Ahmed and Kaj, Mónika and Burn, Naomi and Ridgers, Nicola D. and Lovecchio, Nicola and Aguilar-Farias, Nicolas and Wedderkopp, Niels and Veiga, Oscar L. and Saint-Maurice, Pedro and Katzmarzyk, Peter and Henriksson, Pontus and Colley, Rachel and Ocansey, Reginald T-A. and Kliegl, Reinhold and Ramírez-Vélez, Robinson and Ssenyonga, Ronald and Naidoo, Rowena and Pate, Russell R. and McGrath, Ryan and Kuu, Saima and Salaj, Sanja and Gontarev, Seryozha and Morrison, Shawnda A. and Nqweniso, Siphesihle and Chen, Sitong and Kagunda, Stanley and Prince, Stephanie A. and Wong, Stephen H. and Popovic, Stevo R. and Fairclough, Stuart J. and Andrade, Susana and Kriemler, Susi and Csányi, Tamás and Manyanga, Taru and Mwase-Vuma, Tawonga W. and Kidokoro, Tetsu and Gomes, Thayse Natacha Q.F. and Gisladottir, Thordis and Takken, Tim and Jaakkola, Timo and Lakka, Timo and Olds, Timothy and Tammelin, Tuija and Granacher, Urs and Carson, Valerie and Martínez-Vizcaíno, Vicente and Onywera, Vincent and Pellino, Vittoria Carnevale and Huang, Wendy Y. and Yin, Xiaojian and Liu, Yang and Song, Yi and Sun, Yi and Liu, Yuan and Delphi Fitness Expert Group, [missing]}},
  issn         = {{2095-2546}},
  journal      = {{JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE}},
  keywords     = {{Delphi,Experts,Fitness,Protocols,Youth Fitness International Test,OPTIMAL GRIP SPAN,BODY-MASS INDEX,PHYSICAL-FITNESS,CARDIORESPIRATORY FITNESS,CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE,FIELD,RELIABILITY,HEALTH,PERFORMANCE,DISABILITY}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  pages        = {{16}},
  title        = {{The Youth Fitness International Test (YFIT) battery for monitoring and surveillance among children and adolescents : a modified Delphi consensus project with 169 experts from 50 countries and territories}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2024.101012}},
  volume       = {{14}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}

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