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A 3D experimental methodology for investigating wave-induced pore pressures in the seabed around a monopile foundation

Maria Gkougkoudi-Papaioannou (UGent) , Yuri Pepi (UGent) , Maximilian Streicher (UGent) , Bruno Stuyts (UGent) , Christof Devriendt and Peter Troch (UGent)
(2025) APPLIED OCEAN RESEARCH. 164.
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Abstract
The increasing focus on understanding wave-structure-soil interactions has highlighted the need for experimental studies on pore pressure measurements around monopile foundations during wave loading. Physical modelling in large-scale wave basins provides valuable insights into these complex interactions under controlled conditions. However, challenges such as scour formation, sediment transport, installation and compaction of the sediment, and potential boundary effects make the replication of realistic seabed conditions particularly demanding. In response to these challenges, this study presents new guidelines based on experience gained from a unique set of 3D experiments conducted in a large wave basin. The experimental setup utilised sediment dredged from the North Sea to replicate in-situ conditions, ensuring a representative foundation response. Both regular waves, aimed at providing a fundamental understanding, and irregular long-and short-crested waves, designed to better simulate real engineering conditions, were generated. This study details sediment preparation, compaction strategies, boundary effects, physical setup and instrumentation, offering guidance for future experimental research at the intersection of geotechnical and coastal engineering.
Keywords
Pore pressures, Seabed response, Monopile foundation, Physical modelling, STIFFNESS, PILES, SCOUR, SOIL

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MLA
Gkougkoudi-Papaioannou, Maria, et al. “A 3D Experimental Methodology for Investigating Wave-Induced Pore Pressures in the Seabed around a Monopile Foundation.” APPLIED OCEAN RESEARCH, vol. 164, 2025, doi:10.1016/j.apor.2025.104752.
APA
Gkougkoudi-Papaioannou, M., Pepi, Y., Streicher, M., Stuyts, B., Devriendt, C., & Troch, P. (2025). A 3D experimental methodology for investigating wave-induced pore pressures in the seabed around a monopile foundation. APPLIED OCEAN RESEARCH, 164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apor.2025.104752
Chicago author-date
Gkougkoudi-Papaioannou, Maria, Yuri Pepi, Maximilian Streicher, Bruno Stuyts, Christof Devriendt, and Peter Troch. 2025. “A 3D Experimental Methodology for Investigating Wave-Induced Pore Pressures in the Seabed around a Monopile Foundation.” APPLIED OCEAN RESEARCH 164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apor.2025.104752.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Gkougkoudi-Papaioannou, Maria, Yuri Pepi, Maximilian Streicher, Bruno Stuyts, Christof Devriendt, and Peter Troch. 2025. “A 3D Experimental Methodology for Investigating Wave-Induced Pore Pressures in the Seabed around a Monopile Foundation.” APPLIED OCEAN RESEARCH 164. doi:10.1016/j.apor.2025.104752.
Vancouver
1.
Gkougkoudi-Papaioannou M, Pepi Y, Streicher M, Stuyts B, Devriendt C, Troch P. A 3D experimental methodology for investigating wave-induced pore pressures in the seabed around a monopile foundation. APPLIED OCEAN RESEARCH. 2025;164.
IEEE
[1]
M. Gkougkoudi-Papaioannou, Y. Pepi, M. Streicher, B. Stuyts, C. Devriendt, and P. Troch, “A 3D experimental methodology for investigating wave-induced pore pressures in the seabed around a monopile foundation,” APPLIED OCEAN RESEARCH, vol. 164, 2025.
@article{01K4W0ZSAP4P76G2DQ7H4JFEVW,
  abstract     = {{The increasing focus on understanding wave-structure-soil interactions has highlighted the need for experimental studies on pore pressure measurements around monopile foundations during wave loading. Physical modelling in large-scale wave basins provides valuable insights into these complex interactions under controlled conditions. However, challenges such as scour formation, sediment transport, installation and compaction of the sediment, and potential boundary effects make the replication of realistic seabed conditions particularly demanding. In response to these challenges, this study presents new guidelines based on experience gained from a unique set of 3D experiments conducted in a large wave basin. The experimental setup utilised sediment dredged from the North Sea to replicate in-situ conditions, ensuring a representative foundation response. Both regular waves, aimed at providing a fundamental understanding, and irregular long-and short-crested waves, designed to better simulate real engineering conditions, were generated. This study details sediment preparation, compaction strategies, boundary effects, physical setup and instrumentation, offering guidance for future experimental research at the intersection of geotechnical and coastal engineering.}},
  articleno    = {{104752}},
  author       = {{Gkougkoudi-Papaioannou, Maria and Pepi, Yuri and Streicher, Maximilian and Stuyts, Bruno and Devriendt, Christof and Troch, Peter}},
  issn         = {{0141-1187}},
  journal      = {{APPLIED OCEAN RESEARCH}},
  keywords     = {{Pore pressures,Seabed response,Monopile foundation,Physical modelling,STIFFNESS,PILES,SCOUR,SOIL}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  pages        = {{14}},
  title        = {{A 3D experimental methodology for investigating wave-induced pore pressures in the seabed around a monopile foundation}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1016/j.apor.2025.104752}},
  volume       = {{164}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}
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