@article{01K4577MEQWJBQ6P72X8EKSMNM,
  abstract     = {{This paper presents a novel Zero-Crossing Detection (ZCD) system designed for synchronization control in Embedded Electrical Networks (EENs). In such systems, multiple alternators are connected in parallel at a Point of Common Coupling (PCC), requiring strict synchronization of frequency and phase angle to ensure stable operation. Failure to meet these conditions can result in generator damage, power unbalance, and the introduction of voltage and current harmonics. To address this challenge, a high-precision, galvanically isolated ZCD sensor is implemented to monitor frequency and phase angle shifts within the EEN. The proposed ZCD design incorporates a 1 mH, 600 mΩ choke transformer and a TLC556 timing circuit, chosen for its low power consumption and compatibility with cost-effective timing capacitors. A BC547B transistor is connected in parallel with the transformer to control its open and short-circuit states. The proposed ZCD was experimentally validated under various AC waveform conditions, including different voltage amplitudes and frequencies, to demonstrate robustness and adaptability. The ZCD system outputs clean logic-level pulses and interfaces directly with a microcontroller, which calculates the phase shift between signals and transmits results via serial communication. The proposed solution offers galvanic isolation, low implementation cost, and clean logic-level pulse output, making it highly suitable for embedded synchronization systems. Experimental results show a detection delay within ± 20 µs, corresponding to a phase angle error of ± 0.36 ◦ at 50 Hz, representing a 80 % improvement in terms of zero-crossing delay over conventional designs based on optocouplers or low-speed comparators.}},
  articleno    = {{118713}},
  author       = {{Benmahdjoub, Mohammed Amin and Atallah, Meddah and Salhi, Issam and Van den Bossche, Alex and Mezouar, Abdelkader and Saidi, Youcef}},
  issn         = {{0263-2241}},
  journal      = {{MEASUREMENT}},
  keywords     = {{Embedded Electrical Network (EEN),Zero Crossing Detection (ZCD),Phase-shift measurement,Frequency measurement,Microcontroller device,CHALLENGES,AIRCRAFT,SYSTEM}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{Part C}},
  pages        = {{15}},
  title        = {{New design of low cost galvanic separated Zero-Crossing Detector for embedded electrical network synchronization}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2025.118713}},
  volume       = {{257}},
  year         = {{2026}},
}

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