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Flood-drought shifts monitoring on arid Xinjiang, China using a novel machine learning based algorithm

Naibi Sulei (UGent) , Anming Bao, Ye Yuan, Jiayu Bao, Rafiq Hamdi (UGent) , Tao Yu, Xiaoran Huang (UGent) , Ting Wang, Tao Li (UGent) , Jingyu Jin, et al.
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Abstract
This study addresses the growing challenges of climate extremes and their impact on flood-drought shifts in Xinjiang, China, a region highly sensitive to climate variations. While existing classification models such as logistic regression (LR), support vector machines (SVMs), and geographically weighted logistic regression (GWLR) have been applied to spatial data, they exhibit limitations in handling spatial nonstationarity and balancing accuracy with interpretability. To fill this gap, we propose a novel least squares SVM (LSSVM)-based spatially varying coefficient logistic regression (LSSVM-SVCLR) model, which combines the flexibility of LSSVM with the interpretability of logistic regression and the spatial adaptability of spatially varying coefficient models. Through simulations under varying data sizes and complexity, the model achieved high accuracy, with area under the curve (AUC) values approaching 1 in simpler cases and around 0.8 in more complex scenarios. A case study analyzing the relationship between climate extremes and flood-drought shifts in Xinjiang demonstrated the model's applicability, achieving training and testing accuracies of 0.994 and 0.831, respectively, outperforming state-of-the-art machine learning models. Furthermore, the model revealed specific spatial effects of climate extremes on flood-drought shifts, providing probabilistic predictions across the study area. The findings highlight the potential of the proposed model to improve predictions of extreme climate-related events, offering valuable insights for disaster management and climate risk evaluation. This study provides a robust framework for analyzing the complexities of spatial nonstationarity in climate risk analysis.
Keywords
Climate extremes, Classification, Spatial nonstationarity, Flood-drought index, SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE, LOGISTIC-REGRESSION MODELS, CLASSIFICATION, PREDICTION, INDEX

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MLA
Sulei, Naibi, et al. “Flood-Drought Shifts Monitoring on Arid Xinjiang, China Using a Novel Machine Learning Based Algorithm.” ECOLOGICAL INFORMATICS, vol. 86, 2025, doi:10.1016/j.ecoinf.2025.103030.
APA
Sulei, N., Bao, A., Yuan, Y., Bao, J., Hamdi, R., Yu, T., … Termonia, P. (2025). Flood-drought shifts monitoring on arid Xinjiang, China using a novel machine learning based algorithm. ECOLOGICAL INFORMATICS, 86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2025.103030
Chicago author-date
Sulei, Naibi, Anming Bao, Ye Yuan, Jiayu Bao, Rafiq Hamdi, Tao Yu, Xiaoran Huang, et al. 2025. “Flood-Drought Shifts Monitoring on Arid Xinjiang, China Using a Novel Machine Learning Based Algorithm.” ECOLOGICAL INFORMATICS 86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2025.103030.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Sulei, Naibi, Anming Bao, Ye Yuan, Jiayu Bao, Rafiq Hamdi, Tao Yu, Xiaoran Huang, Ting Wang, Tao Li, Jingyu Jin, Gang Long, and Piet Termonia. 2025. “Flood-Drought Shifts Monitoring on Arid Xinjiang, China Using a Novel Machine Learning Based Algorithm.” ECOLOGICAL INFORMATICS 86. doi:10.1016/j.ecoinf.2025.103030.
Vancouver
1.
Sulei N, Bao A, Yuan Y, Bao J, Hamdi R, Yu T, et al. Flood-drought shifts monitoring on arid Xinjiang, China using a novel machine learning based algorithm. ECOLOGICAL INFORMATICS. 2025;86.
IEEE
[1]
N. Sulei et al., “Flood-drought shifts monitoring on arid Xinjiang, China using a novel machine learning based algorithm,” ECOLOGICAL INFORMATICS, vol. 86, 2025.
@article{01K3RK07AEY6M8HCP42RH2SPVZ,
  abstract     = {{This study addresses the growing challenges of climate extremes and their impact on flood-drought shifts in Xinjiang, China, a region highly sensitive to climate variations. While existing classification models such as logistic regression (LR), support vector machines (SVMs), and geographically weighted logistic regression (GWLR) have been applied to spatial data, they exhibit limitations in handling spatial nonstationarity and balancing accuracy with interpretability. To fill this gap, we propose a novel least squares SVM (LSSVM)-based spatially varying coefficient logistic regression (LSSVM-SVCLR) model, which combines the flexibility of LSSVM with the interpretability of logistic regression and the spatial adaptability of spatially varying coefficient models. Through simulations under varying data sizes and complexity, the model achieved high accuracy, with area under the curve (AUC) values approaching 1 in simpler cases and around 0.8 in more complex scenarios. A case study analyzing the relationship between climate extremes and flood-drought shifts in Xinjiang demonstrated the model's applicability, achieving training and testing accuracies of 0.994 and 0.831, respectively, outperforming state-of-the-art machine learning models. Furthermore, the model revealed specific spatial effects of climate extremes on flood-drought shifts, providing probabilistic predictions across the study area. The findings highlight the potential of the proposed model to improve predictions of extreme climate-related events, offering valuable insights for disaster management and climate risk evaluation. This study provides a robust framework for analyzing the complexities of spatial nonstationarity in climate risk analysis.}},
  articleno    = {{103030}},
  author       = {{Sulei, Naibi and Bao, Anming and Yuan, Ye and Bao, Jiayu and Hamdi, Rafiq and Yu, Tao and Huang, Xiaoran and Wang, Ting and Li, Tao and Jin, Jingyu and Long, Gang and Termonia, Piet}},
  issn         = {{1574-9541}},
  journal      = {{ECOLOGICAL INFORMATICS}},
  keywords     = {{Climate extremes,Classification,Spatial nonstationarity,Flood-drought index,SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE,LOGISTIC-REGRESSION MODELS,CLASSIFICATION,PREDICTION,INDEX}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  pages        = {{16}},
  title        = {{Flood-drought shifts monitoring on arid Xinjiang, China using a novel machine learning based algorithm}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2025.103030}},
  volume       = {{86}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}

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