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The fecal metabolome and microbiome are altered in dogs with idiopathic epilepsy compared to healthy dogs

Fien Verdoodt (UGent) , Myriam Hesta (UGent) , Evy Goossens (UGent) , Filip Van Immerseel (UGent) , Jenifer Molina, Luc Van Ham (UGent) , Lynn Vanhaecke (UGent) , Lieselot Hemeryck (UGent) and Sofie Bhatti (UGent)
(2025) SCIENTIFIC REPORTS. 15(1).
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Abstract
Idiopathic epilepsy (IE) is the most common chronic neurological disease in dogs, and a natural animal model for human epilepsy types with genetic and unknown etiology. The microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA) is a promising target for improving brain health in individuals where brain function is hampered. It's role in the pathophysiology of epilepsy remains however unclear. We aimed to identify differences in fecal metabolome and microbiome between healthy and dogs with IE. To this purpose, fecal samples of healthy (n = 39) and dogs with IE (n = 49) were metabolically profiled (n = 148 metabolites) and fingerprinted (n = 3690 features) using liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, and the bacterial phylogeny examined using 16 S rRNA sequencing. Dogs with IE were categorized as drug-resistant (DR) (n = 27) or mild phenotype (MP) (n = 22). In dogs with DR IE compared to healthy, fecal metabolites such as histamine (P = 0.022) and microbiome genera such as Escherichia-Shigella (P = 0.021) increased, associated with a proinflammatory environment. In dogs with MP IE compared to healthy, alterations associated with anti-inflammatory properties, such as increased fecal serotonin (P = 0.034) and Blautia hominis (P = 0.012) were revealed. Overall, a role for the MGBA communication in canine IE was established.
Keywords
Epilepsy, Gut-Brain-Axis, Metabolomics, Microbiome, Canine, GUT, RESISTANCE, INFERENCE, EXPOSOME, SYSTEM

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MLA
Verdoodt, Fien, et al. “The Fecal Metabolome and Microbiome Are Altered in Dogs with Idiopathic Epilepsy Compared to Healthy Dogs.” SCIENTIFIC REPORTS, vol. 15, no. 1, 2025, doi:10.1038/s41598-025-09919-7.
APA
Verdoodt, F., Hesta, M., Goossens, E., Van Immerseel, F., Molina, J., Van Ham, L., … Bhatti, S. (2025). The fecal metabolome and microbiome are altered in dogs with idiopathic epilepsy compared to healthy dogs. SCIENTIFIC REPORTS, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-09919-7
Chicago author-date
Verdoodt, Fien, Myriam Hesta, Evy Goossens, Filip Van Immerseel, Jenifer Molina, Luc Van Ham, Lynn Vanhaecke, Lieselot Hemeryck, and Sofie Bhatti. 2025. “The Fecal Metabolome and Microbiome Are Altered in Dogs with Idiopathic Epilepsy Compared to Healthy Dogs.” SCIENTIFIC REPORTS 15 (1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-09919-7.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Verdoodt, Fien, Myriam Hesta, Evy Goossens, Filip Van Immerseel, Jenifer Molina, Luc Van Ham, Lynn Vanhaecke, Lieselot Hemeryck, and Sofie Bhatti. 2025. “The Fecal Metabolome and Microbiome Are Altered in Dogs with Idiopathic Epilepsy Compared to Healthy Dogs.” SCIENTIFIC REPORTS 15 (1). doi:10.1038/s41598-025-09919-7.
Vancouver
1.
Verdoodt F, Hesta M, Goossens E, Van Immerseel F, Molina J, Van Ham L, et al. The fecal metabolome and microbiome are altered in dogs with idiopathic epilepsy compared to healthy dogs. SCIENTIFIC REPORTS. 2025;15(1).
IEEE
[1]
F. Verdoodt et al., “The fecal metabolome and microbiome are altered in dogs with idiopathic epilepsy compared to healthy dogs,” SCIENTIFIC REPORTS, vol. 15, no. 1, 2025.
@article{01K1SZZH017JZKS53AXFSHJYF4,
  abstract     = {{Idiopathic epilepsy (IE) is the most common chronic neurological disease in dogs, and a natural animal model for human epilepsy types with genetic and unknown etiology. The microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA) is a promising target for improving brain health in individuals where brain function is hampered. It's role in the pathophysiology of epilepsy remains however unclear. We aimed to identify differences in fecal metabolome and microbiome between healthy and dogs with IE. To this purpose, fecal samples of healthy (n = 39) and dogs with IE (n = 49) were metabolically profiled (n = 148 metabolites) and fingerprinted (n = 3690 features) using liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, and the bacterial phylogeny examined using 16 S rRNA sequencing. Dogs with IE were categorized as drug-resistant (DR) (n = 27) or mild phenotype (MP) (n = 22). In dogs with DR IE compared to healthy, fecal metabolites such as histamine (P = 0.022) and microbiome genera such as Escherichia-Shigella (P = 0.021) increased, associated with a proinflammatory environment. In dogs with MP IE compared to healthy, alterations associated with anti-inflammatory properties, such as increased fecal serotonin (P = 0.034) and Blautia hominis (P = 0.012) were revealed. Overall, a role for the MGBA communication in canine IE was established.}},
  articleno    = {{27024}},
  author       = {{Verdoodt, Fien and Hesta, Myriam and Goossens, Evy and Van Immerseel, Filip and Molina, Jenifer and Van Ham, Luc and Vanhaecke, Lynn and Hemeryck, Lieselot and Bhatti, Sofie}},
  issn         = {{2045-2322}},
  journal      = {{SCIENTIFIC REPORTS}},
  keywords     = {{Epilepsy,Gut-Brain-Axis,Metabolomics,Microbiome,Canine,GUT,RESISTANCE,INFERENCE,EXPOSOME,SYSTEM}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{1}},
  pages        = {{15}},
  title        = {{The fecal metabolome and microbiome are altered in dogs with idiopathic epilepsy compared to healthy dogs}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-09919-7}},
  volume       = {{15}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}
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