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Effects of aging on mode I fatigue crack growth characterization of double cantilever beam specimens with thick adhesive bondline for marine applications

Rahul Iyer Kumar (UGent) and Wim De Waele (UGent)
(2025) MATERIALS. 18(14).
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Abstract
The use of adhesive joints in naval applications requires a thorough understanding of their fatigue performance. This paper reports on the fatigue experiments performed on double cantilever beam specimens with thick adhesive bondline manufactured under shipyard conditions. The specimens have an initial crack at the steel–adhesive interface and are tested in unaged, salt-spray-aged and immersion-aged conditions to determine the interface mode I fatigue properties. The strain energy release rate is calculated using the Kanninen–Penado model, and the fatigue crack growth curve is determined using a power law model. The crack growth rate slope for salt-spray-aged specimens is 16.5% lower than for unaged specimens, while that for immersion-aged specimens is 66.1% lower and is shown to be significantly different. The fracture surfaces are analyzed to identify the failure mechanisms and the influence of the aging process on the interface properties. Since the specimens are manufactured under shipyard conditions, the presence of voids and discontinuities in the adhesive bondline is observed and as a result leads to scatter. Hence, Bayesian linear regression is performed in addition to the ordinary least squares regression to account for the scatter and provide a distribution of plausible values for the power law coefficients. The results highlight the impact of aging on the fatigue property, underscoring the importance of considering environmental effects in the qualification of such joints for marine applications.
Keywords
adhesive joint, fatigue crack growth, double cantilever beam, marine and offshore structures, structural adhesive, ENERGY-RELEASE RATE, FRACTURE, JOINTS, PROPAGATION, BEHAVIOR, RATES

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MLA
Iyer Kumar, Rahul, and Wim De Waele. “Effects of Aging on Mode I Fatigue Crack Growth Characterization of Double Cantilever Beam Specimens with Thick Adhesive Bondline for Marine Applications.” MATERIALS, vol. 18, no. 14, 2025, doi:10.3390/ma18143286.
APA
Iyer Kumar, R., & De Waele, W. (2025). Effects of aging on mode I fatigue crack growth characterization of double cantilever beam specimens with thick adhesive bondline for marine applications. MATERIALS, 18(14). https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18143286
Chicago author-date
Iyer Kumar, Rahul, and Wim De Waele. 2025. “Effects of Aging on Mode I Fatigue Crack Growth Characterization of Double Cantilever Beam Specimens with Thick Adhesive Bondline for Marine Applications.” MATERIALS 18 (14). https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18143286.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Iyer Kumar, Rahul, and Wim De Waele. 2025. “Effects of Aging on Mode I Fatigue Crack Growth Characterization of Double Cantilever Beam Specimens with Thick Adhesive Bondline for Marine Applications.” MATERIALS 18 (14). doi:10.3390/ma18143286.
Vancouver
1.
Iyer Kumar R, De Waele W. Effects of aging on mode I fatigue crack growth characterization of double cantilever beam specimens with thick adhesive bondline for marine applications. MATERIALS. 2025;18(14).
IEEE
[1]
R. Iyer Kumar and W. De Waele, “Effects of aging on mode I fatigue crack growth characterization of double cantilever beam specimens with thick adhesive bondline for marine applications,” MATERIALS, vol. 18, no. 14, 2025.
@article{01K1FWV94X7P8MVTD7BNN0N846,
  abstract     = {{The use of adhesive joints in naval applications requires a thorough understanding of their fatigue performance. This paper reports on the fatigue experiments performed on double cantilever beam specimens with thick adhesive bondline manufactured under shipyard conditions. The specimens have an initial crack at the steel–adhesive interface and are tested in unaged, salt-spray-aged and immersion-aged conditions to determine the interface mode I fatigue properties. The strain energy release rate is calculated using the Kanninen–Penado model, and the fatigue crack growth curve is determined using a power law model. The crack growth rate slope for salt-spray-aged specimens is 16.5% lower than for unaged specimens, while that for immersion-aged specimens is 66.1% lower and is shown to be significantly different. The fracture surfaces are analyzed to identify the failure mechanisms and the influence of the aging process on the interface properties. Since the specimens are manufactured under shipyard conditions, the presence of voids and discontinuities in the adhesive bondline is observed and as a result leads to scatter. Hence, Bayesian linear regression is performed in addition to the ordinary least squares regression to account for the scatter and provide a distribution of plausible values for the power law coefficients. The results highlight the impact of aging on the fatigue property, underscoring the importance of considering environmental effects in the qualification of such joints for marine applications.}},
  articleno    = {{3286}},
  author       = {{Iyer Kumar, Rahul and De Waele, Wim}},
  issn         = {{1996-1944}},
  journal      = {{MATERIALS}},
  keywords     = {{adhesive joint,fatigue crack growth,double cantilever beam,marine and offshore structures,structural adhesive,ENERGY-RELEASE RATE,FRACTURE,JOINTS,PROPAGATION,BEHAVIOR,RATES}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{14}},
  pages        = {{22}},
  title        = {{Effects of aging on mode I fatigue crack growth characterization of double cantilever beam specimens with thick adhesive bondline for marine applications}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.3390/ma18143286}},
  volume       = {{18}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}

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