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Metal-stamped and IR-UWB-optimized air-filled cavity-backed antenna array for cost-effective single-anchor 3D localization

Gert-Jan Gordebeke (UGent) , Sam Lemey (UGent) and Hendrik Rogier (UGent)
(2025) IEEE ACCESS. 13. p.125016-125028
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Abstract
A cost-effective, yet high-performance, time-domain-optimized air-filled cavity-backed metal-stamped slot antenna is presented for next-generation multi-channel, multi-antenna IR-UWB applications. Equipping a quarter-mode metal-stamped cavity with a novel feeding mechanism yields a compact 0.43 lambda(0 )0.43 lambda(0) antenna that is compatible with standard low-cost manufacturing processes and that has a fractional bandwidth of 34.4%, covering UWB channels 5, 6, 8 and 9. The antenna is optimized in the frequency and time domains for IR-UWB applications. It is robust against variations in material properties and manufacturing inaccuracies in the metal stamping process. Furthermore, it retains its performance when exploited in a three-element V-shaped antenna array for single-anchor distance and 2D angle-of-arrival estimation. Measurements demonstrate excellent estimation performance in both free-space conditions and challenging real-life deployment scenarios. Specifically, 97% of all distance estimation errors are below 2cm, with a mean absolute error (MAE) of 7.1 mm. In terms of angle estimation, 91% of all errors are below 10(degrees) , with an MAE of 5.0(degrees) . These results highlight the antenna's excellent IR-UWB and isolation performance, enabling single-anchor 3D localization for Industry 4.0 and Healthcare 4.0 applications.
Keywords
Antenna arrays, Antennas, Time-domain analysis, Location awareness, Antenna feeds, Ultra wideband antennas, Metals, Time-frequency analysis, Slot antennas, Laminates, Air-filled cavity-backed antenna, angle-of-arrival (AoA) estimation, impulse-radio ultra-wideband (IR-UWB), metal stamping, single-anchor localization, time-domain optimization, ULTRA-WIDE-BAND, TECHNOLOGY

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Citation

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MLA
Gordebeke, Gert-Jan, et al. “Metal-Stamped and IR-UWB-Optimized Air-Filled Cavity-Backed Antenna Array for Cost-Effective Single-Anchor 3D Localization.” IEEE ACCESS, vol. 13, 2025, pp. 125016–28, doi:10.1109/ACCESS.2025.3589930.
APA
Gordebeke, G.-J., Lemey, S., & Rogier, H. (2025). Metal-stamped and IR-UWB-optimized air-filled cavity-backed antenna array for cost-effective single-anchor 3D localization. IEEE ACCESS, 13, 125016–125028. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2025.3589930
Chicago author-date
Gordebeke, Gert-Jan, Sam Lemey, and Hendrik Rogier. 2025. “Metal-Stamped and IR-UWB-Optimized Air-Filled Cavity-Backed Antenna Array for Cost-Effective Single-Anchor 3D Localization.” IEEE ACCESS 13: 125016–28. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2025.3589930.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Gordebeke, Gert-Jan, Sam Lemey, and Hendrik Rogier. 2025. “Metal-Stamped and IR-UWB-Optimized Air-Filled Cavity-Backed Antenna Array for Cost-Effective Single-Anchor 3D Localization.” IEEE ACCESS 13: 125016–125028. doi:10.1109/ACCESS.2025.3589930.
Vancouver
1.
Gordebeke G-J, Lemey S, Rogier H. Metal-stamped and IR-UWB-optimized air-filled cavity-backed antenna array for cost-effective single-anchor 3D localization. IEEE ACCESS. 2025;13:125016–28.
IEEE
[1]
G.-J. Gordebeke, S. Lemey, and H. Rogier, “Metal-stamped and IR-UWB-optimized air-filled cavity-backed antenna array for cost-effective single-anchor 3D localization,” IEEE ACCESS, vol. 13, pp. 125016–125028, 2025.
@article{01K1D39FN57GBVW0ASETJ1QK57,
  abstract     = {{A cost-effective, yet high-performance, time-domain-optimized air-filled cavity-backed metal-stamped slot antenna is presented for next-generation multi-channel, multi-antenna IR-UWB applications. Equipping a quarter-mode metal-stamped cavity with a novel feeding mechanism yields a compact 0.43 lambda(0 )0.43 lambda(0) antenna that is compatible with standard low-cost manufacturing processes and that has a fractional bandwidth of 34.4%, covering UWB channels 5, 6, 8 and 9. The antenna is optimized in the frequency and time domains for IR-UWB applications. It is robust against variations in material properties and manufacturing inaccuracies in the metal stamping process. Furthermore, it retains its performance when exploited in a three-element V-shaped antenna array for single-anchor distance and 2D angle-of-arrival estimation. Measurements demonstrate excellent estimation performance in both free-space conditions and challenging real-life deployment scenarios. Specifically, 97% of all distance estimation errors are below 2cm, with a mean absolute error (MAE) of 7.1 mm. In terms of angle estimation, 91% of all errors are below 10(degrees) , with an MAE of 5.0(degrees) . These results highlight the antenna's excellent IR-UWB and isolation performance, enabling single-anchor 3D localization for Industry 4.0 and Healthcare 4.0 applications.}},
  author       = {{Gordebeke, Gert-Jan and Lemey, Sam and Rogier, Hendrik}},
  issn         = {{2169-3536}},
  journal      = {{IEEE ACCESS}},
  keywords     = {{Antenna arrays,Antennas,Time-domain analysis,Location awareness,Antenna feeds,Ultra wideband antennas,Metals,Time-frequency analysis,Slot antennas,Laminates,Air-filled cavity-backed antenna,angle-of-arrival (AoA) estimation,impulse-radio ultra-wideband (IR-UWB),metal stamping,single-anchor localization,time-domain optimization,ULTRA-WIDE-BAND,TECHNOLOGY}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  pages        = {{125016--125028}},
  title        = {{Metal-stamped and IR-UWB-optimized air-filled cavity-backed antenna array for cost-effective single-anchor 3D localization}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2025.3589930}},
  volume       = {{13}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}

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