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Enhanced operation range of silicon MZI filters using a broadband bent directional coupler

Ahmed Bayoumi (UGent) , Mehmet Can Oktay (UGent) , Alaa Walid Ahmed Elshazly (UGent) , Hakim Kobbi, Rafal Magdziak, Guy Lepage, Chiara Marchese, Javad Rahimi Vaskasi, Swetanshu Bipul, Dieter Bode, et al.
(2025) IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS. 37(9). p.500-503
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Organization
Abstract
Mach-Zehnder interferometers (MZIs) are essential components that are used in a variety of wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) systems. Wavelength-sensitive straight directional couplers (DCs) are usually used as the beam splitter and combiner in traditional waveguide-based MZIs, which often limit the operational bandwidth and cause additional insertion loss. To overcome these challenges, we present an MZI based on bent DCs achieving 2.7x increase in operational wavelength range, expanding the bandwidth from 36.7 nm in straight DC-based MZIs to at least 100 nm, while maintaining a large extinction ratio (ER) >= 18.4 dB . The proposed MZI is robust across a 300 mm wafer, achieving minimum ER over 100 nm wavelength range of 14.3 similar to 18.4 dB in all the 63 measured dies, significantly outperforming MZIs based on straight DCs, which exhibit minimum ER of 4.2 similar to 6.1 dB . Finally, the proposed MZI is theoretically proven to be highly efficient for more complex WDM systems. Transfer matrix method calculations for 16 -channel MZI-based WDM system demonstrate an improvement of the worst-channel isolation from 5.42 dB to 17.18 dB and the average insertion loss from 1.02 dB to 0.30 dB, as compared to the straight DC based counterpart. This underscores the potential of the proposed MZI to enable scalable and high-performance WDM systems.
Keywords
Wavelength division multiplexing, Couplings, Insertion loss, Wavelength measurement, C-band, Broadband communication, Filters, Silicon, Optical losses, Optical device fabrication, Silicon photonics, wavelength division multiplexing, Mach Zehnder interferometer

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Citation

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MLA
Bayoumi, Ahmed, et al. “Enhanced Operation Range of Silicon MZI Filters Using a Broadband Bent Directional Coupler.” IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS, vol. 37, no. 9, 2025, pp. 500–03, doi:10.1109/LPT.2025.3553059.
APA
Bayoumi, A., Oktay, M. C., Elshazly, A. W. A., Kobbi, H., Magdziak, R., Lepage, G., … Deng, Q. (2025). Enhanced operation range of silicon MZI filters using a broadband bent directional coupler. IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS, 37(9), 500–503. https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2025.3553059
Chicago author-date
Bayoumi, Ahmed, Mehmet Can Oktay, Alaa Walid Ahmed Elshazly, Hakim Kobbi, Rafal Magdziak, Guy Lepage, Chiara Marchese, et al. 2025. “Enhanced Operation Range of Silicon MZI Filters Using a Broadband Bent Directional Coupler.” IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS 37 (9): 500–503. https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2025.3553059.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Bayoumi, Ahmed, Mehmet Can Oktay, Alaa Walid Ahmed Elshazly, Hakim Kobbi, Rafal Magdziak, Guy Lepage, Chiara Marchese, Javad Rahimi Vaskasi, Swetanshu Bipul, Dieter Bode, Dimitrios Velenis, Maumita Chakrabarti, Peter Verheyen, Philippe Absil, Filippo Ferraro, Yoojin Ban, Joris Van Campenhout, Wim Bogaerts, and Qingzhong Deng. 2025. “Enhanced Operation Range of Silicon MZI Filters Using a Broadband Bent Directional Coupler.” IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS 37 (9): 500–503. doi:10.1109/LPT.2025.3553059.
Vancouver
1.
Bayoumi A, Oktay MC, Elshazly AWA, Kobbi H, Magdziak R, Lepage G, et al. Enhanced operation range of silicon MZI filters using a broadband bent directional coupler. IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS. 2025;37(9):500–3.
IEEE
[1]
A. Bayoumi et al., “Enhanced operation range of silicon MZI filters using a broadband bent directional coupler,” IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS, vol. 37, no. 9, pp. 500–503, 2025.
@article{01K0Y77S6V6DA1BZC2M29AR8FA,
  abstract     = {{Mach-Zehnder interferometers (MZIs) are essential components that are used in a variety of wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) systems. Wavelength-sensitive straight directional couplers (DCs) are usually used as the beam splitter and combiner in traditional waveguide-based MZIs, which often limit the operational bandwidth and cause additional insertion loss. To overcome these challenges, we present an MZI based on bent DCs achieving 2.7x increase in operational wavelength range, expanding the bandwidth from 36.7 nm in straight DC-based MZIs to at least 100 nm, while maintaining a large extinction ratio (ER) >= 18.4 dB . The proposed MZI is robust across a 300 mm wafer, achieving minimum ER over 100 nm wavelength range of 14.3 similar to 18.4 dB in all the 63 measured dies, significantly outperforming MZIs based on straight DCs, which exhibit minimum ER of 4.2 similar to 6.1 dB . Finally, the proposed MZI is theoretically proven to be highly efficient for more complex WDM systems. Transfer matrix method calculations for 16 -channel MZI-based WDM system demonstrate an improvement of the worst-channel isolation from 5.42 dB to 17.18 dB and the average insertion loss from 1.02 dB to 0.30 dB, as compared to the straight DC based counterpart. This underscores the potential of the proposed MZI to enable scalable and high-performance WDM systems.}},
  author       = {{Bayoumi, Ahmed and Oktay, Mehmet Can and Elshazly, Alaa Walid Ahmed and Kobbi, Hakim and Magdziak, Rafal and Lepage, Guy and Marchese, Chiara and Vaskasi, Javad Rahimi and Bipul, Swetanshu and Bode, Dieter and Velenis, Dimitrios and Chakrabarti, Maumita and Verheyen, Peter and Absil, Philippe and Ferraro, Filippo and Ban, Yoojin and Van Campenhout, Joris and Bogaerts, Wim and Deng, Qingzhong}},
  issn         = {{1041-1135}},
  journal      = {{IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS}},
  keywords     = {{Wavelength division multiplexing,Couplings,Insertion loss,Wavelength measurement,C-band,Broadband communication,Filters,Silicon,Optical losses,Optical device fabrication,Silicon photonics,wavelength division multiplexing,Mach Zehnder interferometer}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{9}},
  pages        = {{500--503}},
  title        = {{Enhanced operation range of silicon MZI filters using a broadband bent directional coupler}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2025.3553059}},
  volume       = {{37}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}
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