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Abstract
Unraveling the mechanisms underlying the maintenance of species diversity is a central pursuit in ecology. It has been hypothesized that ectomycorrhizal (EcM) in contrast to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi can reduce tree species diversity in local communities, which remains to be tested at the global scale. To address this gap, we analyzed global forest inventory data and revealed that the relationship between tree species richness and EcM tree proportion varied along environmental gradients. Specifically, the relationship is more negative at low latitudes and in moist conditions but is unimodal at high latitudes and in arid conditions. The negative association of EcM tree proportion on species diversity at low latitudes and in humid conditions is likely due to more negative plant-soil microbial interactions in these regions. These findings extend our knowledge on the mechanisms shaping global patterns in plant species diversity from a belowground view.
Keywords
Q-ForestLab, NEGATIVE DENSITY-DEPENDENCE, FUNGI, MONODOMINANCE, INFORMATION, FEEDBACKS, INCREASES, PLANTS, CBCE

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MLA
Jiang, Feng, et al. “Mycorrhizal Symbioses and Tree Diversity in Global Forest Communities.” SCIENCE ADVANCES, vol. 11, no. 24, 2025, doi:10.1126/sciadv.adt5743.
APA
Jiang, F., Pu, X., Schmid, B., Reich, P. B., Liang, J., Abbasi, A. O., … Wang, Z. (2025). Mycorrhizal symbioses and tree diversity in global forest communities. SCIENCE ADVANCES, 11(24). https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adt5743
Chicago author-date
Jiang, Feng, Xucai Pu, Bernhard Schmid, Peter B. Reich, Jingjing Liang, Akane O. Abbasi, Jesús Aguirre-Gutiérrez, et al. 2025. “Mycorrhizal Symbioses and Tree Diversity in Global Forest Communities.” SCIENCE ADVANCES 11 (24). https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adt5743.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Jiang, Feng, Xucai Pu, Bernhard Schmid, Peter B. Reich, Jingjing Liang, Akane O. Abbasi, Jesús Aguirre-Gutiérrez, Angelica Maria Almeyda Zambrano, Jan Altman, Juan Gabriel Álvarez-González, Luciana F. Alves, Bienvenu H. K. Amani, Christian Ammer, Gerardo A. Aymard, Naveen Babu Kanda, Meredith L. Bastian, Jean-Francois Bastin, Marijn Bauters, Pascal Boeckx, Svetlana N. Bondarchuk, Alexander Bondarev, Francis Q. Brearley, Sophie Brennan, Jaime Briseño-Reyes, Eben N. Broadbent, Goran Češljar, Han Y. H. Chen, Chelsea Chisholm, WookJin Choi, Emil Cienciala, Connie J. Clark, Alessio Collalti, José Javier Corral-Rivas, Javid Ahmad Dar, Selvadurai Dayanandan, Sergio de-Miguel, Ashaq Ahmad Dar, Géraldine Derroire, Ilija Djordjevic, Tran Van Do, Jiří Doležal, Aurélie Dourdain, Teresa Eyre, Adandé Belarmain Fandohan, Lorenzo Frizzera, Roberto Cazzolla Gatti, Damiano Gianelle, M. Socorro González Elizondo, Elisa Grieco, David J. Harris, Andy Hector, Bruno Hérault, Cang Hui, Nobuo Imai, Andrzej M. Jagodziński, Chengjun Ji, Lin Jiang, Carlos A. Joly, Viktor N. Karminov, Kuswata Kartawinata, Justin N. Kassi, Elizabeth Kearsley, Gunnar Keppel, Mohammed Latif Khan, Carine Klauberg, Kirill A. Korznikov, Subashree Kothandaraman, Florian Kraxner, Leonid Krivobokov, Dmitry Kucher, Amit Kumar, Anna Kvashnina, Gaia Vaglio Laurin, Rodrigo Vieira Leite, Moses B. Libalah, Ekaterina S. Lonkina, Huicui Lu, Shan Luo, Yuan Luo, Emma Mackintosh, Andrew R. Marshall, Rodolfo Vásquez Martínez, Radim Matula, William McDonald, Ayyappan Narayanan, María Guadalupe Nava-Miranda, Jagadeesan Naveenkumar, Abel Monteagudo Mendoza, Stanisław Miścicki, Tatyana Moskalyuk, Liudmila Mukhortova, Sharif A. Mukul, Gert-Jan Nabuurs, Victor J. Neldner, Radovan Nevenic, Anny E. N’Guessan, Michael Ngugi, Alain Paquette, Elena I. Parfenova, Marc Parren, Narayanaswamy Parthasarathy, Pablo L. Peri, Sebastian Pfautsch, Maria T. F. Piedade, Galina Polyakova, Axel Dalberg Poulsen, John R. Poulsen, Hans Pretzsch, Mirco Rodeghiero, Ervan Rutishauser, Purabi Saikia, Philippe Saner, Dmitry Schepaschenko, Jochen Schöngart, Eric B. Searle, Douglas Sheil, Zehao Shen, Stephanie Shooner, Anatoly Shvidenko, Carlos A. Silva, Plinio Sist, Ferry Slik, Wenqi Song, Alexandre F. Souza, Krzysztof Stereńczak, Somaiah Sundarapandian, Martin Svátek, Miroslav Svoboda, Zhiyao Tang, Natalia Targhetta, Nadja Tchebakova, Elena Tikhonova, Liam Trethowan, Daniel José Vega-Nieva, Hans Verbeeck, Simone A. Vieira, Camille Volle, Anna S. Vozmishcheva, Foma K. Vozmitel, Hua-Feng Wang, Shaopeng Wang, Xiangping Wang, Florian Wittmann, Chengyang Zheng, Biao Zhu, Irié Casimir Zo-Bi, Jingyun Fang, and Zhiheng Wang. 2025. “Mycorrhizal Symbioses and Tree Diversity in Global Forest Communities.” SCIENCE ADVANCES 11 (24). doi:10.1126/sciadv.adt5743.
Vancouver
1.
Jiang F, Pu X, Schmid B, Reich PB, Liang J, Abbasi AO, et al. Mycorrhizal symbioses and tree diversity in global forest communities. SCIENCE ADVANCES. 2025;11(24).
IEEE
[1]
F. Jiang et al., “Mycorrhizal symbioses and tree diversity in global forest communities,” SCIENCE ADVANCES, vol. 11, no. 24, 2025.
@article{01JXVSBG1TP69KYY92Z5G8P7TM,
  abstract     = {{Unraveling the mechanisms underlying the maintenance of species diversity is a central pursuit in ecology. It has been hypothesized that ectomycorrhizal (EcM) in contrast to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi can reduce tree species diversity in local communities, which remains to be tested at the global scale. To address this gap, we analyzed global forest inventory data and revealed that the relationship between tree species richness and EcM tree proportion varied along environmental gradients. Specifically, the relationship is more negative at low latitudes and in moist conditions but is unimodal at high latitudes and in arid conditions. The negative association of EcM tree proportion on species diversity at low latitudes and in humid conditions is likely due to more negative plant-soil microbial interactions in these regions. These findings extend our knowledge on the mechanisms shaping global patterns in plant species diversity from a belowground view.}},
  articleno    = {{eadt5743}},
  author       = {{Jiang, Feng and Pu, Xucai and Schmid, Bernhard and Reich, Peter B. and Liang, Jingjing and Abbasi, Akane O. and Aguirre-Gutiérrez, Jesús and Zambrano, Angelica Maria Almeyda and Altman, Jan and Álvarez-González, Juan Gabriel and Alves, Luciana F. and Amani, Bienvenu H. K. and Ammer, Christian and Aymard, Gerardo A. and Babu Kanda, Naveen and Bastian, Meredith L. and Bastin, Jean-Francois and Bauters, Marijn and Boeckx, Pascal and Bondarchuk, Svetlana N. and Bondarev, Alexander and Brearley, Francis Q. and Brennan, Sophie and Briseño-Reyes, Jaime and Broadbent, Eben N. and Češljar, Goran and Chen, Han Y. H. and Chisholm, Chelsea and Choi, WookJin and Cienciala, Emil and Clark, Connie J. and Collalti, Alessio and Corral-Rivas, José Javier and Dar, Javid Ahmad and Dayanandan, Selvadurai and de-Miguel, Sergio and Dar, Ashaq Ahmad and Derroire, Géraldine and Djordjevic, Ilija and Van Do, Tran and Doležal, Jiří and Dourdain, Aurélie and Eyre, Teresa and Fandohan, Adandé Belarmain and Frizzera, Lorenzo and Gatti, Roberto Cazzolla and Gianelle, Damiano and González Elizondo, M. Socorro and Grieco, Elisa and Harris, David J. and Hector, Andy and Hérault, Bruno and Hui, Cang and Imai, Nobuo and Jagodziński, Andrzej M. and Ji, Chengjun and Jiang, Lin and Joly, Carlos A. and Karminov, Viktor N. and Kartawinata, Kuswata and Kassi, Justin N. and Kearsley, Elizabeth and Keppel, Gunnar and Khan, Mohammed Latif and Klauberg, Carine and Korznikov, Kirill A. and Kothandaraman, Subashree and Kraxner, Florian and Krivobokov, Leonid and Kucher, Dmitry and Kumar, Amit and Kvashnina, Anna and Laurin, Gaia Vaglio and Leite, Rodrigo Vieira and Libalah, Moses B. and Lonkina, Ekaterina S. and Lu, Huicui and Luo, Shan and Luo, Yuan and Mackintosh, Emma and Marshall, Andrew R. and Martínez, Rodolfo Vásquez and Matula, Radim and McDonald, William and Narayanan, Ayyappan and Nava-Miranda, María Guadalupe and Naveenkumar, Jagadeesan and Mendoza, Abel Monteagudo and Miścicki, Stanisław and Moskalyuk, Tatyana and Mukhortova, Liudmila and Mukul, Sharif A. and Nabuurs, Gert-Jan and Neldner, Victor J. and Nevenic, Radovan and N’Guessan, Anny E. and Ngugi, Michael and Paquette, Alain and Parfenova, Elena I. and Parren, Marc and Parthasarathy, Narayanaswamy and Peri, Pablo L. and Pfautsch, Sebastian and Piedade, Maria T. F. and Polyakova, Galina and Poulsen, Axel Dalberg and Poulsen, John R. and Pretzsch, Hans and Rodeghiero, Mirco and Rutishauser, Ervan and Saikia, Purabi and Saner, Philippe and Schepaschenko, Dmitry and Schöngart, Jochen and Searle, Eric B. and Sheil, Douglas and Shen, Zehao and Shooner, Stephanie and Shvidenko, Anatoly and Silva, Carlos A. and Sist, Plinio and Slik, Ferry and Song, Wenqi and Souza, Alexandre F. and Stereńczak, Krzysztof and Sundarapandian, Somaiah and Svátek, Martin and Svoboda, Miroslav and Tang, Zhiyao and Targhetta, Natalia and Tchebakova, Nadja and Tikhonova, Elena and Trethowan, Liam and Vega-Nieva, Daniel José and Verbeeck, Hans and Vieira, Simone A. and Volle, Camille and Vozmishcheva, Anna S. and Vozmitel, Foma K. and Wang, Hua-Feng and Wang, Shaopeng and Wang, Xiangping and Wittmann, Florian and Zheng, Chengyang and Zhu, Biao and Zo-Bi, Irié Casimir and Fang, Jingyun and Wang, Zhiheng}},
  issn         = {{2375-2548}},
  journal      = {{SCIENCE ADVANCES}},
  keywords     = {{Q-ForestLab,NEGATIVE DENSITY-DEPENDENCE,FUNGI,MONODOMINANCE,INFORMATION,FEEDBACKS,INCREASES,PLANTS,CBCE}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{24}},
  pages        = {{13}},
  title        = {{Mycorrhizal symbioses and tree diversity in global forest communities}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adt5743}},
  volume       = {{11}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}

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