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Immunogenic cell death as interplay between physical anticancer modalities and immunotherapy

Yanou Engelen (UGent) , Robin Demuynck (UGent) , Jana Ramon (UGent) , K. Breckpot, Stefaan De Smedt (UGent) , Guillaume Lajoinie, Kevin Braeckmans (UGent) , Dmitri Krysko (UGent) and Ine Lentacker (UGent)
(2025) JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE. 384.
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Abstract
Current cancer treatment strategies in practice nowadays often face limitations in effectiveness due to factors such as resistance, recurrence, or suboptimal outcomes. Traditional approaches like chemotherapy often come with severe systemic side effects due to their non-specific action, prompting the development of more targeted therapies. Among these, physical ablation techniques such as radiotherapy (RT) and focused ultrasound (FUS) have gained attention for their ability to precisely target malignant tissues, reduce physical and mental stress for the patients, and minimize recovery time. These therapies also aim to stimulate the immune system through a process referred to as immunogenic cell death (ICD), enhancing the body's ability to fight cancer, explaining abscopal effects. RT has been the most established of the abovementioned techniques for decades, and will not be included in the review. While initially focused on complete tumor ablation, these techniques are now shifting towards milder, more controlled applications that induce ICD without extensive tissue damage. This review explores how physical ablation therapies can harness ICD to boost anticancer immunity, emphasizing their potential to complement immunotherapies and improve outcomes for cancer patients.
Keywords
Cancer; Ablation therapies; Physical therapies; Cell death; Immunogenic cell death; Immunotherapy; Hyperthermia; Cryoablation; Ultrasound; Focused ultrasound; Histotripsy; Photothermal therapy; Damage-associated molecular patterns; Antigenicity; Adjuvanticity

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MLA
Engelen, Yanou, et al. “Immunogenic Cell Death as Interplay between Physical Anticancer Modalities and Immunotherapy.” JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE, vol. 384, 2025, doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2025.113721.
APA
Engelen, Y., Demuynck, R., Ramon, J., Breckpot, K., De Smedt, S., Lajoinie, G., … Lentacker, I. (2025). Immunogenic cell death as interplay between physical anticancer modalities and immunotherapy. JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE, 384. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2025.113721
Chicago author-date
Engelen, Yanou, Robin Demuynck, Jana Ramon, K. Breckpot, Stefaan De Smedt, Guillaume Lajoinie, Kevin Braeckmans, Dmitri Krysko, and Ine Lentacker. 2025. “Immunogenic Cell Death as Interplay between Physical Anticancer Modalities and Immunotherapy.” JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE 384. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2025.113721.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Engelen, Yanou, Robin Demuynck, Jana Ramon, K. Breckpot, Stefaan De Smedt, Guillaume Lajoinie, Kevin Braeckmans, Dmitri Krysko, and Ine Lentacker. 2025. “Immunogenic Cell Death as Interplay between Physical Anticancer Modalities and Immunotherapy.” JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE 384. doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2025.113721.
Vancouver
1.
Engelen Y, Demuynck R, Ramon J, Breckpot K, De Smedt S, Lajoinie G, et al. Immunogenic cell death as interplay between physical anticancer modalities and immunotherapy. JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE. 2025;384.
IEEE
[1]
Y. Engelen et al., “Immunogenic cell death as interplay between physical anticancer modalities and immunotherapy,” JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE, vol. 384, 2025.
@article{01JXHZPY0Y3SJJBM1NNKN9HP0B,
  abstract     = {{Current cancer treatment strategies in practice nowadays often face limitations in effectiveness due to factors such as resistance, recurrence, or suboptimal outcomes. Traditional approaches like chemotherapy often come with severe systemic side effects due to their non-specific action, prompting the development of more targeted therapies. Among these, physical ablation techniques such as radiotherapy (RT) and focused ultrasound (FUS) have gained attention for their ability to precisely target malignant tissues, reduce physical and mental stress for the patients, and minimize recovery time. These therapies also aim to stimulate the immune system through a process referred to as immunogenic cell death (ICD), enhancing the body's ability to fight cancer, explaining abscopal effects. RT has been the most established of the abovementioned techniques for decades, and will not be included in the review. While initially focused on complete tumor ablation, these techniques are now shifting towards milder, more controlled applications that induce ICD without extensive tissue damage. This review explores how physical ablation therapies can harness ICD to boost anticancer immunity, emphasizing their potential to complement immunotherapies and improve outcomes for cancer patients.}},
  articleno    = {{113721}},
  author       = {{Engelen, Yanou and Demuynck, Robin and Ramon, Jana and Breckpot, K. and De Smedt, Stefaan and Lajoinie, Guillaume and Braeckmans, Kevin and Krysko, Dmitri and Lentacker, Ine}},
  issn         = {{0168-3659}},
  journal      = {{JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE}},
  keywords     = {{Cancer; Ablation therapies; Physical therapies; Cell death; Immunogenic cell death; Immunotherapy; Hyperthermia; Cryoablation; Ultrasound; Focused ultrasound; Histotripsy; Photothermal therapy; Damage-associated molecular patterns; Antigenicity; Adjuvanticity}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  pages        = {{19}},
  title        = {{Immunogenic cell death as interplay between physical anticancer modalities and immunotherapy}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2025.113721}},
  volume       = {{384}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}
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