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How does feeding strategy affect the aromatic volatile compounds profile and sensory properties of organic fresh pork?

Chloé Van Baelen, Lucile Montagne, Mohammed Gagaoua, Armelle Prunier, Stefaan De Smet (UGent) , Els Vossen (UGent) and Bénédicte Lebret
(2025) MEAT SCIENCE. 228.
Author
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Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate two feeding strategies on pork quality in organic farming using 77 non-castrated male pigs (Pi & eacute;train x Large White) reared in two batches, each including two groups. Male littermates were allocated to either a Control group (C, n = 37), fed following the organic specifications, or to a group receiving an organic test feed mainly based on French raw materials and containing more fibre and omega-3 fatty acids (Bio+, n = 40). Within batch, each group was reared in one pen from the same building on deep straw bedding with free outdoor access, with ad libitum feeding from around 33 kg until slaughter at around 128 kg of live weight. Loin meat samples were analysed by a trained sensory panel and by SPME-GC-MS to identify the main volatile compounds. Meat from Bio+ pigs showed a significantly more intense red colour (P < 0.01), but lower aromatic persistency (P < 0.05) and tended to be less tender (P = 0.08) than meat from C pigs. None of the samples were qualified as boar tainted. A total of 27 volatile compounds were quantified, with more compounds present in Bio+ pigs, probably due to the greater diversity of raw ingredients in the feeds. The multi-dimensional analyses enabled to observe relationships between volatile compounds and sensory traits but did not differentiate the two feeding strategies. Bio+ feeding strategy compared to C influenced some organoleptic characteristics (red colour of raw meat, aromatic persistency) without modifying the texture, odour and flavour of organic cooked pork.
Keywords
Non-castrated pigs, Sensory analysis, Volatile compounds, GC-MS SPME, Meat quality, Feed composition, SOLID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION, BOAR TAINT, MEAT QUALITY, GRAPE SEED, FLAVOR, SYSTEM, IDENTIFICATION, PERFORMANCE, EMPHASIS, CHESTNUT

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MLA
Van Baelen, Chloé, et al. “How Does Feeding Strategy Affect the Aromatic Volatile Compounds Profile and Sensory Properties of Organic Fresh Pork?” MEAT SCIENCE, vol. 228, 2025, doi:10.1016/j.meatsci.2025.109869.
APA
Van Baelen, C., Montagne, L., Gagaoua, M., Prunier, A., De Smet, S., Vossen, E., & Lebret, B. (2025). How does feeding strategy affect the aromatic volatile compounds profile and sensory properties of organic fresh pork? MEAT SCIENCE, 228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2025.109869
Chicago author-date
Van Baelen, Chloé, Lucile Montagne, Mohammed Gagaoua, Armelle Prunier, Stefaan De Smet, Els Vossen, and Bénédicte Lebret. 2025. “How Does Feeding Strategy Affect the Aromatic Volatile Compounds Profile and Sensory Properties of Organic Fresh Pork?” MEAT SCIENCE 228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2025.109869.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Van Baelen, Chloé, Lucile Montagne, Mohammed Gagaoua, Armelle Prunier, Stefaan De Smet, Els Vossen, and Bénédicte Lebret. 2025. “How Does Feeding Strategy Affect the Aromatic Volatile Compounds Profile and Sensory Properties of Organic Fresh Pork?” MEAT SCIENCE 228. doi:10.1016/j.meatsci.2025.109869.
Vancouver
1.
Van Baelen C, Montagne L, Gagaoua M, Prunier A, De Smet S, Vossen E, et al. How does feeding strategy affect the aromatic volatile compounds profile and sensory properties of organic fresh pork? MEAT SCIENCE. 2025;228.
IEEE
[1]
C. Van Baelen et al., “How does feeding strategy affect the aromatic volatile compounds profile and sensory properties of organic fresh pork?,” MEAT SCIENCE, vol. 228, 2025.
@article{01JX23HR79FQJBNQAWNCQA2KR4,
  abstract     = {{This study aimed to evaluate two feeding strategies on pork quality in organic farming using 77 non-castrated male pigs (Pi & eacute;train x Large White) reared in two batches, each including two groups. Male littermates were allocated to either a Control group (C, n = 37), fed following the organic specifications, or to a group receiving an organic test feed mainly based on French raw materials and containing more fibre and omega-3 fatty acids (Bio+, n = 40). Within batch, each group was reared in one pen from the same building on deep straw bedding with free outdoor access, with ad libitum feeding from around 33 kg until slaughter at around 128 kg of live weight. Loin meat samples were analysed by a trained sensory panel and by SPME-GC-MS to identify the main volatile compounds. Meat from Bio+ pigs showed a significantly more intense red colour (P < 0.01), but lower aromatic persistency (P < 0.05) and tended to be less tender (P = 0.08) than meat from C pigs. None of the samples were qualified as boar tainted. A total of 27 volatile compounds were quantified, with more compounds present in Bio+ pigs, probably due to the greater diversity of raw ingredients in the feeds. The multi-dimensional analyses enabled to observe relationships between volatile compounds and sensory traits but did not differentiate the two feeding strategies. Bio+ feeding strategy compared to C influenced some organoleptic characteristics (red colour of raw meat, aromatic persistency) without modifying the texture, odour and flavour of organic cooked pork.}},
  articleno    = {{109869}},
  author       = {{Van Baelen, Chloé and Montagne, Lucile and Gagaoua, Mohammed and Prunier, Armelle and De Smet, Stefaan and Vossen, Els and Lebret, Bénédicte}},
  issn         = {{0309-1740}},
  journal      = {{MEAT SCIENCE}},
  keywords     = {{Non-castrated pigs,Sensory analysis,Volatile compounds,GC-MS SPME,Meat quality,Feed composition,SOLID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION,BOAR TAINT,MEAT QUALITY,GRAPE SEED,FLAVOR,SYSTEM,IDENTIFICATION,PERFORMANCE,EMPHASIS,CHESTNUT}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  pages        = {{13}},
  title        = {{How does feeding strategy affect the aromatic volatile compounds profile and sensory properties of organic fresh pork?}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2025.109869}},
  volume       = {{228}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}
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