@article{01JWBPC6FWXKGQSGGKPWQGF77V,
  abstract     = {{Background/Objectives: This study mapped antibody dynamics across three COVID-19 vaccination rounds (primary course, first, and second booster with BNT162b2) in Belgian nursing home residents (NHRs). Methods: Within a national SARS-CoV-2 serosurveillance study (February 2021-September 2022) across Belgian nursing homes, dried blood spots were collected, on which anti-spike SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies were quantified by ELISA in international units/mL (IU/mL). Sociodemographic data were collected at the study start and infection history and vaccination data at each sampling round. Results: Infection-na & iuml;ve NHRs had low antibody levels after primary course vaccination (geometric mean concentration (GMC) 292 IU/mL, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 197-432), but increased tenfold after first booster (GMC 2168 IU/mL, 95% CI: 1554-3027). While antibodies among NHRs significantly declined within six months after primary vaccination (p < 0.0001), they remained stable for nine months post-booster (p > 0.05). Among primary vaccine non-responders, 92% (95% CI: 82-97%) developed antibodies after the first booster (GMC 594 IU/mL, 95% CI: 416-849), though tenfold lower than initial responders (GMC 4642 IU/mL, 95% CI: 3577-6022). Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that NHRs require tailored vaccination, prioritizing repeated immunization to improve serological outcomes in poor responders such as infection-naive NHRs. Regular immune monitoring could aid in implementing evidence-based vaccine strategies, ensuring optimal protection for vulnerable populations against SARS-CoV-2 and other infectious threats.}},
  articleno    = {{409}},
  author       = {{Meyers, Eline and De Rop, Liselore and Gioveni, Claudia and Engels, Fien and Coen, Anja and De Burghgraeve, Tine and Digregorio, Marina and Van Ngoc, Pauline and De Clercq, Nele and Buret, Laetitia and Coenen, Samuel and Padalko, Elizaveta and Duysburgh, Els and Scholtes, Beatrice and Verbakel, Jan Y. and Heytens, Stefan and Cools, Piet}},
  issn         = {{2076-393X}},
  journal      = {{VACCINES}},
  keywords     = {{COVID-19 VACCINATION,OMICRON,INFECTION,IMMUNITY,COVID-19 vaccination,nursing home residents,booster,antibody dynamics}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{4}},
  pages        = {{15}},
  title        = {{Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 IgG in nursing home residents in Belgium throughout three BNT162b2 vaccination rounds : 19-month follow-up}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines13040409}},
  volume       = {{13}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}

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