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Effect of climate on traits of dominant and rare tree species in the world’s forests

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Project
  • FUNDIVEUROPE (Functional significance of forest biodiversity in Europe)
Abstract
Species’ traits and environmental conditions determine the abundance of tree species across the globe. The extent to which traits of dominant and rare tree species differ remains untested across a broad environmental range, limiting our understanding of how species traits and the environment shape forest functional composition. We use a global dataset of tree composition of >22,000 forest plots and 11 traits of 1663 tree species to ask how locally dominant and rare species differ in their trait values, and how these differences are driven by climatic gradients in temperature and water availability in forest biomes across the globe. We find three consistent trait differences between locally dominant and rare species across all biomes; dominant species are taller, have softer wood and higher loading on the multivariate stem strategy axis (related to narrow tracheids and thick bark). The difference between traits of dominant and rare species is more strongly driven by temperature compared to water availability, as temperature might affect a larger number of traits. Therefore, climate change driven global temperature rise may have a strong effect on trait differences between dominant and rare tree species and may lead to changes in species abundances and therefore strong community reassembly.
Keywords
Biodiversity, Community ecology, Q-ForestLab, CBCE, INTERSPECIFIC VARIATION, FUNCTIONAL TRAIT, WOOD DENSITY, SCOTS PINE, LEAF-AREA, PLANT, DIVERSITY, TEMPERATURE, HEIGHT, BIOMASS

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MLA
Hordijk, Iris, et al. “Effect of Climate on Traits of Dominant and Rare Tree Species in the World’s Forests.” NATURE COMMUNICATIONS, vol. 16, no. 1, 2025, doi:10.1038/s41467-025-59754-7.
APA
Hordijk, I., Poorter, L., Liang, J., Reich, P. B., de-Miguel, S., Nabuurs, G.-J., … Crowther, T. W. (2025). Effect of climate on traits of dominant and rare tree species in the world’s forests. NATURE COMMUNICATIONS, 16(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-59754-7
Chicago author-date
Hordijk, Iris, Lourens Poorter, Jingjing Liang, Peter B. Reich, Sergio de-Miguel, Gert-Jan Nabuurs, Javier G. P. Gamarra, et al. 2025. “Effect of Climate on Traits of Dominant and Rare Tree Species in the World’s Forests.” NATURE COMMUNICATIONS 16 (1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-59754-7.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Hordijk, Iris, Lourens Poorter, Jingjing Liang, Peter B. Reich, Sergio de-Miguel, Gert-Jan Nabuurs, Javier G. P. Gamarra, Han Y. H. Chen, Mo Zhou, Susan K. Wiser, Hans Pretzsch, Alain Paquette, Nicolas Picard, Bruno Hérault, Jean-Francois Bastin, Giorgio Alberti, Meinrad Abegg, Yves C. Adou Yao, Angelica M. Almeyda Zambrano, Braulio V. Alvarado, Esteban Alvarez-Davila, Patricia Alvarez-Loayza, Luciana F. Alves, Iêda Amaral, Christian Ammer, Clara Antón-Fernández, Alejandro Araujo-Murakami, Luzmila Arroyo, Valerio Avitabile, Gerardo A. Aymard C, Timothy Baker, Olaf Banki, Jorcely Barroso, Meredith L. Bastian, Luca Birigazzi, Philippe Birnbaum, Robert Bitariho, Pascal Boeckx, Frans Bongers, Olivier Bouriaud, Pedro H. S. Brancalion, Susanne Brandl, Francis Q. Brearley, Roel Brienen, Eben N. Broadbent, Helge Bruelheide, Roberto Cazzolla Gatti, Ricardo G. Cesar, Goran Cesljar, Robin L. Chazdon, Chelsea Chisholm, Emil Cienciala, Connie J. Clark, David B. Clark, Gabriel Colletta, David Coomes, Fernando Cornejo Valverde, Jose J. Corral-Rivas, Philip Crim, Jonathan Cumming, Selvadurai Dayanandan, André L. de Gasper, Mathieu Decuyper, Géraldine Derroire, Ben DeVries, Ilija Djordjevic, Aurélie Dourdain, Jiri Dolezal, Nestor Laurier Engone Obiang, Brian Enquist, Teresa Eyre, Adandé Belarmain Fandohan, Tom M. Fayle, Leandro V. Ferreira, Ted R. Feldpausch, Leena Finér, Markus Fischer, Christine Fletcher, Lorenzo Frizzera, Damiano Gianelle, Henry B. Glick, David Harris, Andrew Hector, Andreas Hemp, John Herbohn, Annika Hillers, Eurídice N. Honorio Coronado, Cang Hui, Hyunkook Cho, Thomas Ibanez, Ilbin Jung, Nobuo Imai, Andrzej M. Jagodzinski, Bogdan Jaroszewicz, Vivian Johannsen, Carlos A. Joly, Tommaso Jucker, Viktor Karminov, Kuswata Kartawinata, Elizabeth Kearsley, David Kenfack, Deborah Kennard, Sebastian Kepfer-Rojas, Gunnar Keppel, Mohammed Latif Khan, Timothy Killeen, Hyun Seok Kim, Kanehiro Kitayama, Michael Köhl, Henn Korjus, Florian Kraxner, Diana Laarmann, Mait Lang, Simon Lewis, Huicui Lu, Natalia Lukina, Brian Maitner, Yadvinder Malhi, Eric Marcon, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, Ben Hur Marimon-Junior, Andrew Robert Marshall, Emanuel Martin, Olga Martynenko, Jorge A. Meave, Omar Melo-Cruz, Casimiro Mendoza, Cory Merow, Stanislaw Miscicki, Abel Monteagudo Mendoza, Vanessa Moreno, Sharif A. Mukul, Philip Mundhenk, Maria G. Nava-Miranda, David Neill, Victor Neldner, Radovan Nevenic, Michael Ngugi, Pascal A. Niklaus, Jacek Oleksyn, Petr Ontikov, Edgar Ortiz-Malavasi, Yude Pan, Alexander Parada-Gutierrez, Elena Parfenova, Minjee Park, Marc Parren, Narayanaswamy Parthasarathy, Pablo L. Peri, Sebastian Pfautsch, Oliver L. Phillips, Maria Teresa Piedade, Daniel Piotto, Nigel C. A. Pitman, Martina Pollastrini, Irina Polo, Axel Dalberg Poulsen, John R. Poulsen, Freddy Ramirez Arevalo, Zorayda Restrepo-Correa, Mirco Rodeghiero, Samir Rolim, Anand Roopsind, Francesco Rovero, Ervan Rutishauser, Purabi Saikia, Christian Salas-Eljatib, Peter Schall, Dmitry Schepaschenko, Michael Scherer-Lorenzen, Bernhard Schmid, Jochen Schöngart, Eric B. Searle, Vladimír Seben, Federico Selvi, Josep M. Serra-Diaz, Douglas Sheil, Anatoly Shvidenko, Javier Silva-Espejo, Marcos Silveira, James Singh, Plinio Sist, Ferry Slik, Bonaventure Sonké, Alexandre F. Souza, Hans ter Steege, Krzysztof Stereńczak, Jens-Christian Svenning, Miroslav Svoboda, Ben Swanepoel, Natalia Targhetta, Nadja Tchebakova, Raquel Thomas, Elena Tikhonova, Peter Umunay, Vladimir Usoltsev, Renato Valencia, Fernando Valladares, Fons van der Plas, Tran Van Do, Michael E. Van Nuland, Rodolfo Vasquez Martinez, Hans Verbeeck, Helder Viana, Alexander C. Vibrans, Simone Vieira, Klaus von Gadow, Hua-Feng Wang, James Watson, Gijsbert D. A. Werner, Florian Wittmann, Verginia Wortel, Roderick Zagt, Tomasz Zawila-Niedzwiecki, Chunyu Zhang, Xiuhai Zhao, Zhi-Xin Zhu, Irie Casimir Zo-Bi, Daniel S. Maynard, and Thomas W. Crowther. 2025. “Effect of Climate on Traits of Dominant and Rare Tree Species in the World’s Forests.” NATURE COMMUNICATIONS 16 (1). doi:10.1038/s41467-025-59754-7.
Vancouver
1.
Hordijk I, Poorter L, Liang J, Reich PB, de-Miguel S, Nabuurs G-J, et al. Effect of climate on traits of dominant and rare tree species in the world’s forests. NATURE COMMUNICATIONS. 2025;16(1).
IEEE
[1]
I. Hordijk et al., “Effect of climate on traits of dominant and rare tree species in the world’s forests,” NATURE COMMUNICATIONS, vol. 16, no. 1, 2025.
@article{01JW5RG9C80Q5KVFR6MYWQZ54V,
  abstract     = {{Species’ traits and environmental conditions determine the abundance of tree species across the globe. The extent to which traits of dominant and rare tree species differ remains untested across a broad environmental range, limiting our understanding of how species traits and the environment shape forest functional composition. We use a global dataset of tree composition of >22,000 forest plots and 11 traits of 1663 tree species to ask how locally dominant and rare species differ in their trait values, and how these differences are driven by climatic gradients in temperature and water availability in forest biomes across the globe. We find three consistent trait differences between locally dominant and rare species across all biomes; dominant species are taller, have softer wood and higher loading on the multivariate stem strategy axis (related to narrow tracheids and thick bark). The difference between traits of dominant and rare species is more strongly driven by temperature compared to water availability, as temperature might affect a larger number of traits. Therefore, climate change driven global temperature rise may have a strong effect on trait differences between dominant and rare tree species and may lead to changes in species abundances and therefore strong community reassembly.}},
  articleno    = {{4773}},
  author       = {{Hordijk, Iris and Poorter, Lourens and Liang, Jingjing and Reich, Peter B. and de-Miguel, Sergio and Nabuurs, Gert-Jan and Gamarra, Javier G. P. and Chen, Han Y. H. and Zhou, Mo and Wiser, Susan K. and Pretzsch, Hans and Paquette, Alain and Picard, Nicolas and Hérault, Bruno and Bastin, Jean-Francois and Alberti, Giorgio and Abegg, Meinrad and Adou Yao, Yves C. and Almeyda Zambrano, Angelica M. and Alvarado, Braulio V. and Alvarez-Davila, Esteban and Alvarez-Loayza, Patricia and Alves, Luciana F. and Amaral, Iêda and Ammer, Christian and Antón-Fernández, Clara and Araujo-Murakami, Alejandro and Arroyo, Luzmila and Avitabile, Valerio and Aymard C, Gerardo A. and Baker, Timothy and Banki, Olaf and Barroso, Jorcely and Bastian, Meredith L. and Birigazzi, Luca and Birnbaum, Philippe and Bitariho, Robert and Boeckx, Pascal and Bongers, Frans and Bouriaud, Olivier and Brancalion, Pedro H. S. and Brandl, Susanne and Brearley, Francis Q. and Brienen, Roel and Broadbent, Eben N. and Bruelheide, Helge and Cazzolla Gatti, Roberto and Cesar, Ricardo G. and Cesljar, Goran and Chazdon, Robin L. and Chisholm, Chelsea and Cienciala, Emil and Clark, Connie J. and Clark, David B. and Colletta, Gabriel and Coomes, David and Cornejo Valverde, Fernando and Corral-Rivas, Jose J. and Crim, Philip and Cumming, Jonathan and Dayanandan, Selvadurai and de Gasper, André L. and Decuyper, Mathieu and Derroire, Géraldine and DeVries, Ben and Djordjevic, Ilija and Dourdain, Aurélie and Dolezal, Jiri and Engone Obiang, Nestor Laurier and Enquist, Brian and Eyre, Teresa and Fandohan, Adandé Belarmain and Fayle, Tom M. and Ferreira, Leandro V. and Feldpausch, Ted R. and Finér, Leena and Fischer, Markus and Fletcher, Christine and Frizzera, Lorenzo and Gianelle, Damiano and Glick, Henry B. and Harris, David and Hector, Andrew and Hemp, Andreas and Herbohn, John and Hillers, Annika and Honorio Coronado, Eurídice N. and Hui, Cang and Cho, Hyunkook and Ibanez, Thomas and Jung, Ilbin and Imai, Nobuo and Jagodzinski, Andrzej M. and Jaroszewicz, Bogdan and Johannsen, Vivian and Joly, Carlos A. and Jucker, Tommaso and Karminov, Viktor and Kartawinata, Kuswata and Kearsley, Elizabeth and Kenfack, David and Kennard, Deborah and Kepfer-Rojas, Sebastian and Keppel, Gunnar and Khan, Mohammed Latif and Killeen, Timothy and Kim, Hyun Seok and Kitayama, Kanehiro and Köhl, Michael and Korjus, Henn and Kraxner, Florian and Laarmann, Diana and Lang, Mait and Lewis, Simon and Lu, Huicui and Lukina, Natalia and Maitner, Brian and Malhi, Yadvinder and Marcon, Eric and Marimon, Beatriz Schwantes and Marimon-Junior, Ben Hur and Marshall, Andrew Robert and Martin, Emanuel and Martynenko, Olga and Meave, Jorge A. and Melo-Cruz, Omar and Mendoza, Casimiro and Merow, Cory and Miscicki, Stanislaw and Monteagudo Mendoza, Abel and Moreno, Vanessa and Mukul, Sharif A. and Mundhenk, Philip and Nava-Miranda, Maria G. and Neill, David and Neldner, Victor and Nevenic, Radovan and Ngugi, Michael and Niklaus, Pascal A. and Oleksyn, Jacek and Ontikov, Petr and Ortiz-Malavasi, Edgar and Pan, Yude and Parada-Gutierrez, Alexander and Parfenova, Elena and Park, Minjee and Parren, Marc and Parthasarathy, Narayanaswamy and Peri, Pablo L. and Pfautsch, Sebastian and Phillips, Oliver L. and Piedade, Maria Teresa and Piotto, Daniel and Pitman, Nigel C. A. and Pollastrini, Martina and Polo, Irina and Poulsen, Axel Dalberg and Poulsen, John R. and Arevalo, Freddy Ramirez and Restrepo-Correa, Zorayda and Rodeghiero, Mirco and Rolim, Samir and Roopsind, Anand and Rovero, Francesco and Rutishauser, Ervan and Saikia, Purabi and Salas-Eljatib, Christian and Schall, Peter and Schepaschenko, Dmitry and Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael and Schmid, Bernhard and Schöngart, Jochen and Searle, Eric B. and Seben, Vladimír and Selvi, Federico and Serra-Diaz, Josep M. and Sheil, Douglas and Shvidenko, Anatoly and Silva-Espejo, Javier and Silveira, Marcos and Singh, James and Sist, Plinio and Slik, Ferry and Sonké, Bonaventure and Souza, Alexandre F. and ter Steege, Hans and Stereńczak, Krzysztof and Svenning, Jens-Christian and Svoboda, Miroslav and Swanepoel, Ben and Targhetta, Natalia and Tchebakova, Nadja and Thomas, Raquel and Tikhonova, Elena and Umunay, Peter and Usoltsev, Vladimir and Valencia, Renato and Valladares, Fernando and van der Plas, Fons and Van Do, Tran and Van Nuland, Michael E. and Vasquez Martinez, Rodolfo and Verbeeck, Hans and Viana, Helder and Vibrans, Alexander C. and Vieira, Simone and von Gadow, Klaus and Wang, Hua-Feng and Watson, James and Werner, Gijsbert D. A. and Wittmann, Florian and Wortel, Verginia and Zagt, Roderick and Zawila-Niedzwiecki, Tomasz and Zhang, Chunyu and Zhao, Xiuhai and Zhu, Zhi-Xin and Zo-Bi, Irie Casimir and Maynard, Daniel S. and Crowther, Thomas W.}},
  issn         = {{2041-1723}},
  journal      = {{NATURE COMMUNICATIONS}},
  keywords     = {{Biodiversity,Community ecology,Q-ForestLab,CBCE,INTERSPECIFIC VARIATION,FUNCTIONAL TRAIT,WOOD DENSITY,SCOTS PINE,LEAF-AREA,PLANT,DIVERSITY,TEMPERATURE,HEIGHT,BIOMASS}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{1}},
  pages        = {{15}},
  title        = {{Effect of climate on traits of dominant and rare tree species in the world’s forests}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-59754-7}},
  volume       = {{16}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}

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