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Exact radiological-pathological correlation of chondrosarcomas using a patient-specific 3D mold

Maryse Lejoly (UGent) , Thomas Van Den Berghe (UGent) , David Creytens (UGent) , Wouter Huysse (UGent) , Gwen Sys (UGent) , Renaat Coopman (UGent) and Koenraad Verstraete (UGent)
(2025) SKELETAL RADIOLOGY. 54(10). p.2179-2190
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Abstract
ObjectiveTo identify aggressive regions in high-grade and dedifferentiated chondrosarcomas on MRI by obtaining an exact correlation between radiology and histopathology.Materials and methodsOne chondrosarcoma grade II (CSII), chondrosarcoma grade III (CSIII) and dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma (DDCS) were segmented on (DCE-)MRI images. Around the segmentations, a patient specific mold was constructed and 3D-printed with cutting grooves perfectly aligned with selected MRI slices. In this way, resection specimens could be cut at the same locations as the MRI slices. Histopathology slides were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and CD31 (vascularization) and correlated with the (DCE-)MRI. Histopathologically, atypical cartilaginous tumor (ACT), CSII, CSIII and DDCS regions were delineated and vascular hotspots were selected by an experienced pathologist. Exact point-to-point correlation was performed.ResultsACT, CSII, CSIII and DDCS regions all had similar mean signal intensity on T1-weighted images. On fat-saturated T2-weigthed images, CSII and CSIII regions had a higher mean signal intensity. On fat-saturated T1-weighted images after gadolinium contrast injection and on wash-in parametric maps DDCS regions had the highest mean signal intensity and highest wash-in values. There was a higher microvessel density in CSII and CSIII regions. This corresponded with a thick enhancing rim on fat-saturated T1-weighted images after gadolinium contrast injection and with a higher wash-in.ConclusionThis new 3D mold helps to identify high-grade chondrosarcoma regions with myxoid. This may be useful for targeted biopsy and histopathological investigation.
Keywords
High-grade chondrosarcoma, Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma, (DCE-)MRI, Wash-in, Microvessel density, Histopathology, Vascularization, Point-to-point correlation, Molding

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MLA
Lejoly, Maryse, et al. “Exact Radiological-Pathological Correlation of Chondrosarcomas Using a Patient-Specific 3D Mold.” SKELETAL RADIOLOGY, vol. 54, no. 10, 2025, pp. 2179–90, doi:10.1007/s00256-025-04942-1.
APA
Lejoly, M., Van Den Berghe, T., Creytens, D., Huysse, W., Sys, G., Coopman, R., & Verstraete, K. (2025). Exact radiological-pathological correlation of chondrosarcomas using a patient-specific 3D mold. SKELETAL RADIOLOGY, 54(10), 2179–2190. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00256-025-04942-1
Chicago author-date
Lejoly, Maryse, Thomas Van Den Berghe, David Creytens, Wouter Huysse, Gwen Sys, Renaat Coopman, and Koenraad Verstraete. 2025. “Exact Radiological-Pathological Correlation of Chondrosarcomas Using a Patient-Specific 3D Mold.” SKELETAL RADIOLOGY 54 (10): 2179–90. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00256-025-04942-1.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Lejoly, Maryse, Thomas Van Den Berghe, David Creytens, Wouter Huysse, Gwen Sys, Renaat Coopman, and Koenraad Verstraete. 2025. “Exact Radiological-Pathological Correlation of Chondrosarcomas Using a Patient-Specific 3D Mold.” SKELETAL RADIOLOGY 54 (10): 2179–2190. doi:10.1007/s00256-025-04942-1.
Vancouver
1.
Lejoly M, Van Den Berghe T, Creytens D, Huysse W, Sys G, Coopman R, et al. Exact radiological-pathological correlation of chondrosarcomas using a patient-specific 3D mold. SKELETAL RADIOLOGY. 2025;54(10):2179–90.
IEEE
[1]
M. Lejoly et al., “Exact radiological-pathological correlation of chondrosarcomas using a patient-specific 3D mold,” SKELETAL RADIOLOGY, vol. 54, no. 10, pp. 2179–2190, 2025.
@article{01JVPBVWQT6PJAMVHPBHXCSKJB,
  abstract     = {{ObjectiveTo identify aggressive regions in high-grade and dedifferentiated chondrosarcomas on MRI by obtaining an exact correlation between radiology and histopathology.Materials and methodsOne chondrosarcoma grade II (CSII), chondrosarcoma grade III (CSIII) and dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma (DDCS) were segmented on (DCE-)MRI images. Around the segmentations, a patient specific mold was constructed and 3D-printed with cutting grooves perfectly aligned with selected MRI slices. In this way, resection specimens could be cut at the same locations as the MRI slices. Histopathology slides were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and CD31 (vascularization) and correlated with the (DCE-)MRI. Histopathologically, atypical cartilaginous tumor (ACT), CSII, CSIII and DDCS regions were delineated and vascular hotspots were selected by an experienced pathologist. Exact point-to-point correlation was performed.ResultsACT, CSII, CSIII and DDCS regions all had similar mean signal intensity on T1-weighted images. On fat-saturated T2-weigthed images, CSII and CSIII regions had a higher mean signal intensity. On fat-saturated T1-weighted images after gadolinium contrast injection and on wash-in parametric maps DDCS regions had the highest mean signal intensity and highest wash-in values. There was a higher microvessel density in CSII and CSIII regions. This corresponded with a thick enhancing rim on fat-saturated T1-weighted images after gadolinium contrast injection and with a higher wash-in.ConclusionThis new 3D mold helps to identify high-grade chondrosarcoma regions with myxoid. This may be useful for targeted biopsy and histopathological investigation.}},
  author       = {{Lejoly, Maryse and Van Den Berghe, Thomas and Creytens, David and Huysse, Wouter and Sys, Gwen and Coopman, Renaat and Verstraete, Koenraad}},
  issn         = {{0364-2348}},
  journal      = {{SKELETAL RADIOLOGY}},
  keywords     = {{High-grade chondrosarcoma,Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma,(DCE-)MRI,Wash-in,Microvessel density,Histopathology,Vascularization,Point-to-point correlation,Molding}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{10}},
  pages        = {{2179--2190}},
  title        = {{Exact radiological-pathological correlation of chondrosarcomas using a patient-specific 3D mold}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1007/s00256-025-04942-1}},
  volume       = {{54}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}
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