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Assessing the heterogeneous impact of COVID-19 on consumption using bank transactions

Selien De Schryder (UGent) , Nikolaos Koutounidis (UGent) , Koen Schoors (UGent) and Johannes Weytjens (UGent)
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Abstract
The transmission of the pandemic shock to the macroeconomy through the prism of consumer heterogeneity is the focal point of this paper. Based on a rich bank account and transactions micro dataset, we assess the roles of local COVID-19 severity, government measures against the spread of the virus, and vaccination rates for households’ consumption behavior in Belgium. We find that households living in areas that experienced high COVID-19 positivity rates and more stringent containment measures, decreased their consumption more. The relevance of these effects, however, shifted over the course of the pandemic. Higher local vaccination rates significantly counteracted these negative impacts on household consumption. Furthermore, our study highlights that the impact of these factors on consumption varied distinctly across households with different income, liquid wealth, and age characteristics.
Keywords
COVID-19, Pandemic, Lockdown, Consumption, Transactions data, Heterogeneity, D12 Consumer Economics: Empirical Analysis, E21 Consumption • Saving • Wealth, E65 Studies of Particular Policy Episodes, G51 Household Saving, Borrowing, Debt, and Wealth, INCOME

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MLA
De Schryder, Selien, et al. “Assessing the Heterogeneous Impact of COVID-19 on Consumption Using Bank Transactions.” JOURNAL OF MACROECONOMICS, vol. 84, 2025, doi:10.1016/j.jmacro.2025.103677.
APA
De Schryder, S., Koutounidis, N., Schoors, K., & Weytjens, J. (2025). Assessing the heterogeneous impact of COVID-19 on consumption using bank transactions. JOURNAL OF MACROECONOMICS, 84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmacro.2025.103677
Chicago author-date
De Schryder, Selien, Nikolaos Koutounidis, Koen Schoors, and Johannes Weytjens. 2025. “Assessing the Heterogeneous Impact of COVID-19 on Consumption Using Bank Transactions.” JOURNAL OF MACROECONOMICS 84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmacro.2025.103677.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
De Schryder, Selien, Nikolaos Koutounidis, Koen Schoors, and Johannes Weytjens. 2025. “Assessing the Heterogeneous Impact of COVID-19 on Consumption Using Bank Transactions.” JOURNAL OF MACROECONOMICS 84. doi:10.1016/j.jmacro.2025.103677.
Vancouver
1.
De Schryder S, Koutounidis N, Schoors K, Weytjens J. Assessing the heterogeneous impact of COVID-19 on consumption using bank transactions. JOURNAL OF MACROECONOMICS. 2025;84.
IEEE
[1]
S. De Schryder, N. Koutounidis, K. Schoors, and J. Weytjens, “Assessing the heterogeneous impact of COVID-19 on consumption using bank transactions,” JOURNAL OF MACROECONOMICS, vol. 84, 2025.
@article{01JS1VGB69KEHMNTGBCMHG4THQ,
  abstract     = {{The transmission of the pandemic shock to the macroeconomy through the prism of consumer heterogeneity is the focal point of this paper. Based on a rich bank account and transactions micro dataset, we assess the roles of local COVID-19 severity, government measures against the spread of the virus, and vaccination rates for households’ consumption behavior in Belgium. We find that households living in areas that experienced high COVID-19 positivity rates and more stringent containment measures, decreased their consumption more. The relevance of these effects, however, shifted over the course of the pandemic. Higher local vaccination rates significantly counteracted these negative impacts on household consumption. Furthermore, our study highlights that the impact of these factors on consumption varied distinctly across households with different income, liquid wealth, and age characteristics.}},
  articleno    = {{103677}},
  author       = {{De Schryder, Selien and Koutounidis, Nikolaos and Schoors, Koen and Weytjens, Johannes}},
  issn         = {{0164-0704}},
  journal      = {{JOURNAL OF MACROECONOMICS}},
  keywords     = {{COVID-19,Pandemic,Lockdown,Consumption,Transactions data,Heterogeneity,D12	Consumer Economics: Empirical Analysis,E21	Consumption • Saving • Wealth,E65	Studies of Particular Policy Episodes,G51	Household Saving, Borrowing, Debt, and Wealth,INCOME}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  pages        = {{28}},
  title        = {{Assessing the heterogeneous impact of COVID-19 on consumption using bank transactions}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmacro.2025.103677}},
  volume       = {{84}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}

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