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Dietary species richness provides a comparable marker for better nutrition and health across contexts

Giles Hanley-Cook (UGent) , Jill Deygers, Aisling Daly (UGent) , Jeroen Berden (UGent) , Roseline Remans (UGent) , Celine Termote, Daniel B. Ibsen, Julia Baudry, Patrick Van Damme (UGent) , Emmanuelle Kesse-Guyot, et al.
(2025) NATURE FOOD. 6(6). p.577-586
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Abstract
Ecological diversity indices such as Hill numbers have been developed to estimate effective species numbers, yet the ability of Hill numbers to compare food biodiversity across contexts is unclear. Here we computed the between- and within-country variability of similarity-insensitive Hill numbers using dietary intake collected from prospective cohorts in nine European countries and cross-sectional studies in five low- and middle-income countries. We also assessed the relationships between more biodiverse diets, mortality rates and micronutrient adequacy. Only Hill0, better known as dietary species richness (DSR), showed strong heterogeneity between countries and individuals within countries. Higher DSR was most strongly associated with lower mortality rates in Europe as compared to Hill1, Hill2 and Hill∞, whereas relationships with micronutrient adequacy were comparable across Hill numbers in the global south. DSR can be used to assess progress towards more biodiverse diets, while also serving as a marker for the deleterious nutrition and health impacts associated with non-diverse diets.
Keywords
FOOD, DIVERSITY

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MLA
Hanley-Cook, Giles, et al. “Dietary Species Richness Provides a Comparable Marker for Better Nutrition and Health across Contexts.” NATURE FOOD, vol. 6, no. 6, 2025, pp. 577–86, doi:10.1038/s43016-025-01147-6.
APA
Hanley-Cook, G., Deygers, J., Daly, A., Berden, J., Remans, R., Termote, C., … Lachat, C. (2025). Dietary species richness provides a comparable marker for better nutrition and health across contexts. NATURE FOOD, 6(6), 577–586. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43016-025-01147-6
Chicago author-date
Hanley-Cook, Giles, Jill Deygers, Aisling Daly, Jeroen Berden, Roseline Remans, Celine Termote, Daniel B. Ibsen, et al. 2025. “Dietary Species Richness Provides a Comparable Marker for Better Nutrition and Health across Contexts.” NATURE FOOD 6 (6): 577–86. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43016-025-01147-6.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Hanley-Cook, Giles, Jill Deygers, Aisling Daly, Jeroen Berden, Roseline Remans, Celine Termote, Daniel B. Ibsen, Julia Baudry, Patrick Van Damme, Emmanuelle Kesse-Guyot, Paolo Vineis, Matthias B. Schulze, Ky The Hoang, Mélanie Deschasaux-Tanguy, Alicia Heath, Christina C. Dahm, Yvonne T. van der Schouw, Guri Skeie, Marcela Guevara, Lorenzo Milani, Dolores Daniela Peñafiel Anchundia, Jessica E. Raneri, Francis Odhiambo Oduor, Danny Hunter, Disna Ratnasekera, Kris A. Murray, Mathilde Touvier, Inge Huybrechts, and Carl Lachat. 2025. “Dietary Species Richness Provides a Comparable Marker for Better Nutrition and Health across Contexts.” NATURE FOOD 6 (6): 577–586. doi:10.1038/s43016-025-01147-6.
Vancouver
1.
Hanley-Cook G, Deygers J, Daly A, Berden J, Remans R, Termote C, et al. Dietary species richness provides a comparable marker for better nutrition and health across contexts. NATURE FOOD. 2025;6(6):577–86.
IEEE
[1]
G. Hanley-Cook et al., “Dietary species richness provides a comparable marker for better nutrition and health across contexts,” NATURE FOOD, vol. 6, no. 6, pp. 577–586, 2025.
@article{01JRDT82TXPNFQTTR5CEYM185M,
  abstract     = {{Ecological diversity indices such as Hill numbers have been developed to estimate effective species numbers, yet the ability of Hill numbers to compare food biodiversity across contexts is unclear. Here we computed the between- and within-country variability of similarity-insensitive Hill numbers using dietary intake collected from prospective cohorts in nine European countries and cross-sectional studies in five low- and middle-income countries. We also assessed the relationships between more biodiverse diets, mortality rates and micronutrient adequacy. Only Hill0, better known as dietary species richness (DSR), showed strong heterogeneity between countries and individuals within countries. Higher DSR was most strongly associated with lower mortality rates in Europe as compared to Hill1, Hill2 and Hill∞, whereas relationships with micronutrient adequacy were comparable across Hill numbers in the global south. DSR can be used to assess progress towards more biodiverse diets, while also serving as a marker for the deleterious nutrition and health impacts associated with non-diverse diets.}},
  author       = {{Hanley-Cook, Giles and Deygers, Jill and Daly, Aisling and Berden, Jeroen and Remans, Roseline and Termote, Celine and Ibsen, Daniel B. and Baudry, Julia and Van Damme, Patrick and Kesse-Guyot, Emmanuelle and Vineis, Paolo and Schulze, Matthias B. and Hoang, Ky The and Deschasaux-Tanguy, Mélanie and Heath, Alicia and Dahm, Christina C. and van der Schouw, Yvonne T. and Skeie, Guri and Guevara, Marcela and Milani, Lorenzo and Peñafiel Anchundia, Dolores Daniela and Raneri, Jessica E. and Oduor, Francis Odhiambo and Hunter, Danny and Ratnasekera, Disna and Murray, Kris A. and Touvier, Mathilde and Huybrechts, Inge and Lachat, Carl}},
  issn         = {{2662-1355}},
  journal      = {{NATURE FOOD}},
  keywords     = {{FOOD,DIVERSITY}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{6}},
  pages        = {{577--586}},
  title        = {{Dietary species richness provides a comparable marker for better nutrition and health across contexts}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1038/s43016-025-01147-6}},
  volume       = {{6}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}
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