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Prenatal, perinatal, and environmental risk factors contribute to the high prevalence of autism spectrum disorder in northeastern Bangladesh

Jarin Taslem Mourosi, Saeed Anwar, Md Taufiqul Islam, Olivier Vanakker (UGent) and Mohammad Jakir Hosen (UGent)
(2025) INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES.
Author
Organization
Abstract
ObjectivesAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition with increasing prevalence worldwide, including in Bangladesh. This study investigated prenatal, perinatal, and environmental risk factors associated with ASD in northeastern Bangladesh, where data on the disorder is scarce.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted with 168 children diagnosed with ASD (CWA), 167 typically developing children (TDC), and 185 unaffected siblings (Sib), recruited from five government-approved specialized schools in Sylhet, northeastern Bangladesh. Diagnoses were confirmed using a modified ADI-R/ADOS, and logistic regression was used to analyze associated risk factors.ResultsAdvanced maternal age, firstborn status, and a history of consanguinity were significant prevalence of prenatal/perinatal complications, including birth asphyxia and blood Rh incompatibility, compared to TDC and Sib. A considerable gap in scientific awareness was noted, with many parents attributing their child's condition to associated with ASD. Parental exposure to mercury-based dental amalgam was also strongly linked to ASD. CWA had a higher generational or religious belief.ConclusionsWe identified critical risk factors contributing to the high prevalence of ASD in northeastern Bangladesh, underscoring the need for enhanced diagnostic, educational, and healthcare strategies to ensure good health and well-being and to provide quality education for individuals with ASD.
Keywords
Autism, autism spectrum disorder, risk factors, prenatal factors, maternal factors, environmental factors, parental education, epidemiology, OBSTETRIC COMPLICATIONS, CHILDHOOD AUTISM, SEX-DIFFERENCES, PATERNAL AGE, MERCURY, SCHIZOPHRENIA, ASSOCIATION, INTEGRATION, CHILDREN, DISEASE

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MLA
Mourosi, Jarin Taslem, et al. “Prenatal, Perinatal, and Environmental Risk Factors Contribute to the High Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Northeastern Bangladesh.” INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES, 2025, doi:10.1080/20473869.2025.2452858.
APA
Mourosi, J. T., Anwar, S., Islam, M. T., Vanakker, O., & Hosen, M. J. (2025). Prenatal, perinatal, and environmental risk factors contribute to the high prevalence of autism spectrum disorder in northeastern Bangladesh. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES. https://doi.org/10.1080/20473869.2025.2452858
Chicago author-date
Mourosi, Jarin Taslem, Saeed Anwar, Md Taufiqul Islam, Olivier Vanakker, and Mohammad Jakir Hosen. 2025. “Prenatal, Perinatal, and Environmental Risk Factors Contribute to the High Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Northeastern Bangladesh.” INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES. https://doi.org/10.1080/20473869.2025.2452858.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Mourosi, Jarin Taslem, Saeed Anwar, Md Taufiqul Islam, Olivier Vanakker, and Mohammad Jakir Hosen. 2025. “Prenatal, Perinatal, and Environmental Risk Factors Contribute to the High Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Northeastern Bangladesh.” INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES. doi:10.1080/20473869.2025.2452858.
Vancouver
1.
Mourosi JT, Anwar S, Islam MT, Vanakker O, Hosen MJ. Prenatal, perinatal, and environmental risk factors contribute to the high prevalence of autism spectrum disorder in northeastern Bangladesh. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES. 2025;
IEEE
[1]
J. T. Mourosi, S. Anwar, M. T. Islam, O. Vanakker, and M. J. Hosen, “Prenatal, perinatal, and environmental risk factors contribute to the high prevalence of autism spectrum disorder in northeastern Bangladesh,” INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES, 2025.
@article{01JQ6XJZTJXXD6TXP0DJ0WT4KT,
  abstract     = {{ObjectivesAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition with increasing prevalence worldwide, including in Bangladesh. This study investigated prenatal, perinatal, and environmental risk factors associated with ASD in northeastern Bangladesh, where data on the disorder is scarce.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted with 168 children diagnosed with ASD (CWA), 167 typically developing children (TDC), and 185 unaffected siblings (Sib), recruited from five government-approved specialized schools in Sylhet, northeastern Bangladesh. Diagnoses were confirmed using a modified ADI-R/ADOS, and logistic regression was used to analyze associated risk factors.ResultsAdvanced maternal age, firstborn status, and a history of consanguinity were significant prevalence of prenatal/perinatal complications, including birth asphyxia and blood Rh incompatibility, compared to TDC and Sib. A considerable gap in scientific awareness was noted, with many parents attributing their child's condition to associated with ASD. Parental exposure to mercury-based dental amalgam was also strongly linked to ASD. CWA had a higher generational or religious belief.ConclusionsWe identified critical risk factors contributing to the high prevalence of ASD in northeastern Bangladesh, underscoring the need for enhanced diagnostic, educational, and healthcare strategies to ensure good health and well-being and to provide quality education for individuals with ASD.}},
  author       = {{Mourosi, Jarin Taslem and Anwar, Saeed and Islam, Md Taufiqul and Vanakker, Olivier and Hosen, Mohammad Jakir}},
  issn         = {{2047-3869}},
  journal      = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES}},
  keywords     = {{Autism,autism spectrum disorder,risk factors,prenatal factors,maternal factors,environmental factors,parental education,epidemiology,OBSTETRIC COMPLICATIONS,CHILDHOOD AUTISM,SEX-DIFFERENCES,PATERNAL AGE,MERCURY,SCHIZOPHRENIA,ASSOCIATION,INTEGRATION,CHILDREN,DISEASE}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  pages        = {{14}},
  title        = {{Prenatal, perinatal, and environmental risk factors contribute to the high prevalence of autism spectrum disorder in northeastern Bangladesh}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1080/20473869.2025.2452858}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}
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