A bi-directional distributed multi-user mimo testbed using digital sigma-delta-over-fiber
- Author
- Achim Vandierendonck (UGent) , Kang-Lun Chiu, Caro Meysmans (UGent) , Fatemeh Zardosht (UGent) , Xin Wang (UGent) , Haolin Li (UGent) , Piet Demeester (UGent) and Guy Torfs (UGent)
- Organization
- Project
-
- ATTO (A new concept for ultra-high capacity wireless networks.)
- Distributed Coordinated Access Point
- BI-SDMoF (Bit-interleaved sigma-delta modulation over fiber)
- Multi-Loop and Subsampling Phase Detector Architectures for 128 GBd PAM4 Clock and Data Recovery
- ORINoCO: Optical Receivers IN standard CmOs
- Strip-link MIMO ARchitecTure for Scalable deployment of Timesensitive and Reliable networks in Indoor Professional environments
- Abstract
- Sigma-Delta modulated signals over fiber is proposed for fronthauling of distributed signals. Analog Radioover- Fiber (ARoF) provides perfect synchronization, but linearity is directly impacted by the required circuit elements. Digital Radio-over-Fiber (DRoF) has a low cost of implementation but complicates synchronization. Sigma-Delta modulated signals over fiber combines the synchronization benefit from ARoF and the low cost of DRoF. In this work, we show a simplified and synchronous distributed multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication system for both up-link and down-link transmission, based on our real-time sigma-delta modulated signals over fiber front-haul network. The testbed uses a carrier frequency of 3.686 GHz and is composed of 4 distributed units with 4 antennas each, totaling 16 antennas. The received clock is used to provide synchronization between the central and distributed units. With this implementation, we demonstrate distributed multi-user MIMO. The synchronicity of the system is demonstrated by performing over-the-air channel reciprocity calibration and reciprocity-based uplink transmission. This is verified using 64-QAM OFDM symbols. Measurement results for 2 users/4 users show an average error vector magnitude for up-link of 2.51% (-32.02 dB)/2.89% (-30.79 dB) and for down-link of 4.23% (-27.48 dB)/6.09% (-24.31 dB) respectively.
- Keywords
- MASSIVE MIMO, WIRELESS, FRONTHAUL, 6G, 6G, Sigma Delta-RoF, cell-free MIMO, distributed MIMO, distributed MIMO, DRoF, DRoF, SDoF, SDoF, SDoF
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Citation
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication: http://hdl.handle.net/1854/LU-01JNNAXZK8VJH4K1YVP4XSNB55
- MLA
- Vandierendonck, Achim, et al. “A Bi-Directional Distributed Multi-User Mimo Testbed Using Digital Sigma-Delta-over-Fiber.” JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY, vol. 43, no. 4, 2025, pp. 1595–603, doi:10.1109/JLT.2024.3477273.
- APA
- Vandierendonck, A., Chiu, K.-L., Meysmans, C., Zardosht, F., Wang, X., Li, H., … Torfs, G. (2025). A bi-directional distributed multi-user mimo testbed using digital sigma-delta-over-fiber. JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY, 43(4), 1595–1603. https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2024.3477273
- Chicago author-date
- Vandierendonck, Achim, Kang-Lun Chiu, Caro Meysmans, Fatemeh Zardosht, Xin Wang, Haolin Li, Piet Demeester, and Guy Torfs. 2025. “A Bi-Directional Distributed Multi-User Mimo Testbed Using Digital Sigma-Delta-over-Fiber.” JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY 43 (4): 1595–1603. https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2024.3477273.
- Chicago author-date (all authors)
- Vandierendonck, Achim, Kang-Lun Chiu, Caro Meysmans, Fatemeh Zardosht, Xin Wang, Haolin Li, Piet Demeester, and Guy Torfs. 2025. “A Bi-Directional Distributed Multi-User Mimo Testbed Using Digital Sigma-Delta-over-Fiber.” JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY 43 (4): 1595–1603. doi:10.1109/JLT.2024.3477273.
- Vancouver
- 1.Vandierendonck A, Chiu K-L, Meysmans C, Zardosht F, Wang X, Li H, et al. A bi-directional distributed multi-user mimo testbed using digital sigma-delta-over-fiber. JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY. 2025;43(4):1595–603.
- IEEE
- [1]A. Vandierendonck et al., “A bi-directional distributed multi-user mimo testbed using digital sigma-delta-over-fiber,” JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY, vol. 43, no. 4, pp. 1595–1603, 2025.
@article{01JNNAXZK8VJH4K1YVP4XSNB55,
abstract = {{Sigma-Delta modulated signals over fiber is proposed for fronthauling of distributed signals. Analog Radioover- Fiber (ARoF) provides perfect synchronization, but linearity is directly impacted by the required circuit elements. Digital Radio-over-Fiber (DRoF) has a low cost of implementation but complicates synchronization. Sigma-Delta modulated signals over fiber combines the synchronization benefit from ARoF and the low cost of DRoF. In this work, we show a simplified and synchronous distributed multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication system for both up-link and down-link transmission, based on our real-time sigma-delta modulated signals over fiber front-haul network. The testbed uses a carrier frequency of 3.686 GHz and is composed of 4 distributed units with 4 antennas each, totaling 16 antennas. The received clock is used to provide synchronization between the central and distributed units. With this implementation, we demonstrate distributed multi-user MIMO. The synchronicity of the system is demonstrated by performing over-the-air channel reciprocity calibration and reciprocity-based uplink transmission. This is verified using 64-QAM OFDM symbols. Measurement results for 2 users/4 users show an average error vector magnitude for up-link of 2.51% (-32.02 dB)/2.89% (-30.79 dB) and for down-link of 4.23% (-27.48 dB)/6.09% (-24.31 dB) respectively.}},
author = {{Vandierendonck, Achim and Chiu, Kang-Lun and Meysmans, Caro and Zardosht, Fatemeh and Wang, Xin and Li, Haolin and Demeester, Piet and Torfs, Guy}},
issn = {{0733-8724}},
journal = {{JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY}},
keywords = {{MASSIVE MIMO,WIRELESS,FRONTHAUL,6G,6G,Sigma Delta-RoF,cell-free MIMO,distributed MIMO,distributed MIMO,DRoF,DRoF,SDoF,SDoF,SDoF}},
language = {{eng}},
number = {{4}},
pages = {{1595--1603}},
title = {{A bi-directional distributed multi-user mimo testbed using digital sigma-delta-over-fiber}},
url = {{http://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2024.3477273}},
volume = {{43}},
year = {{2025}},
}
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