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Vestibular function in children with neurodevelopmental disorders : a neglected sense?

Ruth Van Hecke (UGent) , Frederik Deconinck (UGent) , Emmely Van Acker (UGent) , Maya Danneels, Ingeborg Dhooge (UGent) , Hilde Van Waelvelde (UGent) , Roeljan Wiersema (UGent) and Leen Maes (UGent)
(2025) CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY. 171. p.1-10
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Abstract
Objective: The study aimed to explore the vestibular function in children with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). Methods: Twenty-eight participants with a NDD (6 girls, 22 boys; 6-13 years; 9;3 +/- 2;4 years) were enrolled in this pilot study. Sixteen participants had a single NDD (Autism Spectrum Disorder: n = 7, Developmental Coordination Disorder: n = 3; Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: n = 6), the remaining 12 had comorbid NDDs. The integrity of the peripheral vestibular system was evaluated using ocular and cervical Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials (o/cVEMP), and a video Head Impulse Test (vHIT); motor competence was assessed with the Movement Assessment Battery for Children, and the K & ouml;rperkoordinationsTest f & uuml;r Kinder. Results were compared to an age and sex-matched control group (n = 28; 9;7 +/- 1;9 years). Results: The NDD group exhibited significantly higher interpeak amplitudes on both VEMP tests compared to the control group (p < 0.001). No significant differences were found between the groups on vHIT measurements (p > 0.05). Among the children with NDDs, 11 (39 %) showed atypical vestibular responses, including one child with vHIT correction saccades and three children with reduced or absent otolith responses (n = 3). Additionally, eight children showed abnormally elevated otolith amplitudes (cVEMP > 4.00 mu V; oVEMP > 55.00 mu V). Conclusions: Clinicians are encouraged to recognize the overlap and consider the possibility of vestibular alterations in individuals with NDD. Significance: Incorporating vestibular assessments into routine clinical evaluations, particularly in children with NDD who exhibit delayed motor development, balance issues, hearing loss, or vestibular-related symptoms, is strongly recommended.
Keywords
Vestibular function, Motor competence, Neurodevelopmental disorders, Children, AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER, VESTIBULOOCULAR REFLEX, MOTOR-PERFORMANCE, POSTURAL CONTROL, HYPERACTIVITY, DYSFUNCTION, ADHD, QUESTIONNAIRE, RELIABILITY, COGNITION

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MLA
Van Hecke, Ruth, et al. “Vestibular Function in Children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders : A Neglected Sense?” CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY, vol. 171, 2025, pp. 1–10, doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2024.12.026.
APA
Van Hecke, R., Deconinck, F., Van Acker, E., Danneels, M., Dhooge, I., Van Waelvelde, H., … Maes, L. (2025). Vestibular function in children with neurodevelopmental disorders : a neglected sense? CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY, 171, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2024.12.026
Chicago author-date
Van Hecke, Ruth, Frederik Deconinck, Emmely Van Acker, Maya Danneels, Ingeborg Dhooge, Hilde Van Waelvelde, Roeljan Wiersema, and Leen Maes. 2025. “Vestibular Function in Children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders : A Neglected Sense?” CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY 171: 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2024.12.026.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Van Hecke, Ruth, Frederik Deconinck, Emmely Van Acker, Maya Danneels, Ingeborg Dhooge, Hilde Van Waelvelde, Roeljan Wiersema, and Leen Maes. 2025. “Vestibular Function in Children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders : A Neglected Sense?” CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY 171: 1–10. doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2024.12.026.
Vancouver
1.
Van Hecke R, Deconinck F, Van Acker E, Danneels M, Dhooge I, Van Waelvelde H, et al. Vestibular function in children with neurodevelopmental disorders : a neglected sense? CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY. 2025;171:1–10.
IEEE
[1]
R. Van Hecke et al., “Vestibular function in children with neurodevelopmental disorders : a neglected sense?,” CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY, vol. 171, pp. 1–10, 2025.
@article{01JKZJTA7H0NQ3KRVPEXR2XFFK,
  abstract     = {{Objective: The study aimed to explore the vestibular function in children with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). Methods: Twenty-eight participants with a NDD (6 girls, 22 boys; 6-13 years; 9;3 +/- 2;4 years) were enrolled in this pilot study. Sixteen participants had a single NDD (Autism Spectrum Disorder: n = 7, Developmental Coordination Disorder: n = 3; Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: n = 6), the remaining 12 had comorbid NDDs. The integrity of the peripheral vestibular system was evaluated using ocular and cervical Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials (o/cVEMP), and a video Head Impulse Test (vHIT); motor competence was assessed with the Movement Assessment Battery for Children, and the K & ouml;rperkoordinationsTest f & uuml;r Kinder. Results were compared to an age and sex-matched control group (n = 28; 9;7 +/- 1;9 years). Results: The NDD group exhibited significantly higher interpeak amplitudes on both VEMP tests compared to the control group (p < 0.001). No significant differences were found between the groups on vHIT measurements (p > 0.05). Among the children with NDDs, 11 (39 %) showed atypical vestibular responses, including one child with vHIT correction saccades and three children with reduced or absent otolith responses (n = 3). Additionally, eight children showed abnormally elevated otolith amplitudes (cVEMP > 4.00 mu V; oVEMP > 55.00 mu V). Conclusions: Clinicians are encouraged to recognize the overlap and consider the possibility of vestibular alterations in individuals with NDD. Significance: Incorporating vestibular assessments into routine clinical evaluations, particularly in children with NDD who exhibit delayed motor development, balance issues, hearing loss, or vestibular-related symptoms, is strongly recommended.}},
  author       = {{Van Hecke, Ruth and Deconinck, Frederik and Van Acker, Emmely and Danneels, Maya and Dhooge, Ingeborg and Van Waelvelde, Hilde and Wiersema, Roeljan and Maes, Leen}},
  issn         = {{1388-2457}},
  journal      = {{CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY}},
  keywords     = {{Vestibular function,Motor competence,Neurodevelopmental disorders,Children,AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER,VESTIBULOOCULAR REFLEX,MOTOR-PERFORMANCE,POSTURAL CONTROL,HYPERACTIVITY,DYSFUNCTION,ADHD,QUESTIONNAIRE,RELIABILITY,COGNITION}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  pages        = {{1--10}},
  title        = {{Vestibular function in children with neurodevelopmental disorders : a neglected sense?}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2024.12.026}},
  volume       = {{171}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}
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