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Diverging from the normative reproductive life course : a qualitative approach to family building at advanced parental age

Kato Verghote (UGent)
(2025)
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Abstract
Over the past few decades, the average age at which individuals have children has risen in most industrialised countries, with a growing number of both men and women becoming parents in their 40s. This trend has sparked concerns about potential health risks and the psychosocial well-being of children born to advanced age parents. This dissertation is part of a broader research project examining family building at advanced parental age (APA) in Switzerland and Belgium. Following age categories commonly used in academic literature and recent demographic reports, APA is defined in this research project as 40 years of age or older. Guided by an empirical ethics framework, this dissertation sought to deepen our understanding of the experiences and decision-making processes of individuals involved in reproduction and family building at an advanced age. It explored the meanings these individuals ascribe to age and their moral views on responsible reproduction and parenting. To achieve this, the research employed a qualitative approach, including one explorative study based on online data and three interview-based studies. The dissertation focussed on three key groups: (i) young adults with at least one advanced age parent, (ii) women who had one or more children and, at least 10 years later, had another (or multiple) child(ren) at the age of 40 or older (referred to as renewed advanced age mothers), and (iii) women who had an abortion for non-medical reasons at the age of 40 or older. The inclusion of the third group provides insight into the motivations and decision-making of individuals who chose not to pursue parenthood at an advanced age. The dissertation begins with an introductory chapter that reviews the academic debate on APA and existing qualitative research on the topic. The next two chapters present the theoretical background – drawing from empirical ethics, social constructionism, and the life course perspective – and outline the research methods, including reflexive thematic analysis and interpretative phenomenological analysis. Chapter four through seven detail the design, methods, and findings of the four qualitative studies. In chapter eight, key findings of the empirical research are connected to the dissertation’s theoretical background, accompanied by a critical reflection on social norms and judgements relating to reproduction and parenthood at an advanced age. The chapter concludes with a discussion of methodological considerations related to the research process.
In de afgelopen decennia is de gemiddelde leeftijd waarop mensen kinderen krijgen gestegen in de meeste geïndustrialiseerde landen, met een groeiend aantal mannen en vrouwen die op of na hun 40ste ouders worden. Deze trend heeft bezorgdheden opgeroepen over de mogelijke gezondheidsrisico’s en het psychosociale welzijn van kinderen met ouders van gevorderde leeftijd. Deze dissertatie maakt deel uit van een breder onderzoeksproject dat gezinsvorming op gevorderde ouderlijke leeftijd in Zwitserland en België onderzoekt. In lijn met leeftijdscategorieën die vaak in de academische literatuur en recente demografische rapporten worden gebruikt, wordt gevorderde leeftijd in dit onderzoeksproject gedefinieerd als 40 jaar of ouder. Vertrekkend vanuit een empirisch-ethisch kader, was het doel van deze dissertatie een dieper begrip te ontwikkelen van de ervaringen en beslissingen van individuen die betrokken zijn bij reproductie en gezinsvorming op gevorderde leeftijd. Het bestudeerde de betekenissen die deze individuen toekennen aan leeftijd en welke morele opvattingen zij hebben over verantwoorde reproductie en ouderschap. Om dit te bereiken, werd er gebruik gemaakt van een kwalitatieve benadering in de vorm van een verkennende studie op basis van online data en drie interviewstudies. De dissertatie focuste op drie belangrijke groepen: (i) jongvolwassenen met ten minste één ouder op gevorderde leeftijd, (ii) vrouwen die één of meerdere kinderen kregen en, ten minste 10 jaar later, één (of meerdere) kind(eren) kregen op of na hun 40ste (zogenaamde hernieuwde moeders op gevorderde leeftijd), en (iii) vrouwen die een abortus lieten uitvoeren omwille van niet-medische redenen op of na hun 40ste. De inclusie van de derde groep biedt inzicht in de motivaties en beslissingen van personen die niet kiezen voor ouderschap op gevorderde leeftijd. De dissertatie begint met een inleidend hoofdstuk waarin het academische debat over ouderschap op gevorderde leeftijd en bestaand kwalitatief onderzoek naar dit onderwerp wordt besproken. De volgende twee hoofdstukken presenteren de theoretische achtergrond – gebaseerd op empirische ethiek, sociaal constructivisme en het levensloopperspectief – en beschrijven de onderzoeksmethoden, waaronder reflexieve thematische analyse en interpretatieve fenomenologische analyse. Hoofdstukken vier tot en met zeven gaan dieper in op het ontwerp, de methoden en de bevindingen van de vier kwalitatieve studies. In hoofdstuk acht worden de belangrijkste bevindingen van het empirische onderzoek gekoppeld aan de theoretische achtergrond van de dissertatie, samen met een kritische beschouwing van sociale normen en oordelen over reproductie en ouderschap op gevorderde leeftijd. Het hoofdstuk wordt afgesloten met een bespreking van methodologische reflecties met betrekking tot het onderzoeksproces.

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Citation

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MLA
Verghote, Kato. Diverging from the Normative Reproductive Life Course : A Qualitative Approach to Family Building at Advanced Parental Age. Ghent University. Faculty of Arts and Philosophy, 2025.
APA
Verghote, K. (2025). Diverging from the normative reproductive life course : a qualitative approach to family building at advanced parental age. Ghent University. Faculty of Arts and Philosophy, Ghent, Belgium.
Chicago author-date
Verghote, Kato. 2025. “Diverging from the Normative Reproductive Life Course : A Qualitative Approach to Family Building at Advanced Parental Age.” Ghent, Belgium: Ghent University. Faculty of Arts and Philosophy.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Verghote, Kato. 2025. “Diverging from the Normative Reproductive Life Course : A Qualitative Approach to Family Building at Advanced Parental Age.” Ghent, Belgium: Ghent University. Faculty of Arts and Philosophy.
Vancouver
1.
Verghote K. Diverging from the normative reproductive life course : a qualitative approach to family building at advanced parental age. [Ghent, Belgium]: Ghent University. Faculty of Arts and Philosophy; 2025.
IEEE
[1]
K. Verghote, “Diverging from the normative reproductive life course : a qualitative approach to family building at advanced parental age,” Ghent University. Faculty of Arts and Philosophy, Ghent, Belgium, 2025.
@phdthesis{01JKDH7ADWJD1HDJEDVN5NH21H,
  abstract     = {{Over the past few decades, the average age at which individuals have children has risen in most industrialised countries, with a growing number of both men and women becoming parents in their 40s. This trend has sparked concerns about potential health risks and the psychosocial well-being of children born to advanced age parents. This dissertation is part of a broader research project examining family building at advanced parental age (APA) in Switzerland and Belgium. Following age categories commonly used in academic literature and recent demographic reports, APA is defined in this research project as 40 years of age or older.

Guided by an empirical ethics framework, this dissertation sought to deepen our understanding of the experiences  and decision-making processes of individuals involved in reproduction and family building at an advanced age. It explored the meanings these individuals ascribe to age and their moral views on responsible reproduction and parenting. To achieve this, the research employed a qualitative approach, including one explorative study based on online data and three interview-based studies. The dissertation focussed on three key groups: (i) young adults with at least one advanced age parent, (ii) women who had one or more children and, at least 10 years later, had another (or multiple) child(ren) at the age of 40 or older (referred to as renewed advanced age mothers), and (iii) women who had an abortion for non-medical reasons at the age of 40 or older. The inclusion of the third group provides insight into the motivations and decision-making of individuals who chose not to pursue parenthood at an advanced age.

The dissertation begins with an introductory chapter that reviews the academic debate on APA and existing qualitative research on the topic. The next two chapters present the theoretical background – drawing from empirical ethics, social constructionism, and the life course perspective – and outline the research methods, including reflexive thematic analysis and interpretative phenomenological analysis. Chapter four through seven detail the design, methods, and findings of the four qualitative studies. In chapter eight, key findings of the empirical research are connected to the dissertation’s theoretical background, accompanied by a critical reflection on social norms and judgements relating to reproduction and parenthood at an advanced age. The chapter concludes with a discussion of methodological considerations related to the research process.}},
  author       = {{Verghote, Kato}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  pages        = {{XVI, 265}},
  publisher    = {{Ghent University. Faculty of Arts and Philosophy}},
  school       = {{Ghent University}},
  title        = {{Diverging from the normative reproductive life course : a qualitative approach to family building at advanced parental age}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}