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Co-development of a gamified physical education movement competence intervention with school stakeholders

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Abstract
Movement competence (MC) and emotional intelligence (EI) are positively associated and important for child development. Intervention research is needed to determine causal relationships between these outcomes. Gamification is a pedagogical model that may enhance MC and EI, but implementing interventions in schools is complex and requires multi-stakeholder involvement to ensure feasibility, acceptability and sustainability. However, methodological evidence to inform co-development work within physical education (PE) is lacking and further research is required. This study describes the process of co-developing a gamified PE intervention with school stakeholders to increase MC and EI among primary-aged children. A total of 91 children and four classroom teachers from three primary schools participated in a series of co-development workshops. Data from the workshops were thematically analysed and informed the development of three school-specific gamified PE curriculums. Findings from children included: (1) the social and foundational movement skills (FMS) to improve during the intervention; (2) the enjoyable components of PE, which included skill development and social interaction; (3) a desire to include more equipment in PE lessons; and (4) games, activities and gamification strategies to incorporate in the intervention. Findings from teachers included: (1) the barriers and facilitators to implementing a gamified model in PE; (2) the successful components of PE lessons; and (3) the overall development of the intervention. This methodology provides a framework for co-developing PE interventions within a school context. Results provide strategies to operationalise gamification. Future research should explore the feasibility and acceptability of the co-developed interventions to increase MC and EI.
Keywords
biomechanics, Gamification, schools, primary, physical education, co-development, intervention, EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE, MOTOR COMPETENCE, CHILDREN, METAANALYSIS, STUDENTS, GAMIFICATION, IMPACT

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MLA
Rice, Jenna, et al. “Co-Development of a Gamified Physical Education Movement Competence Intervention with School Stakeholders.” EUROPEAN PHYSICAL EDUCATION REVIEW, 2025, doi:10.1177/1356336x241301352.
APA
Rice, J., Foweather, L., Foulkes, J., Magill, C., De Meester, A., Stodden, D., … Davies, K. F. (2025). Co-development of a gamified physical education movement competence intervention with school stakeholders. EUROPEAN PHYSICAL EDUCATION REVIEW. https://doi.org/10.1177/1356336x241301352
Chicago author-date
Rice, Jenna, Lawrence Foweather, Jonathan Foulkes, Ceriann Magill, An De Meester, David Stodden, Matthieu Lenoir, and Katie Fitton Davies. 2025. “Co-Development of a Gamified Physical Education Movement Competence Intervention with School Stakeholders.” EUROPEAN PHYSICAL EDUCATION REVIEW. https://doi.org/10.1177/1356336x241301352.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Rice, Jenna, Lawrence Foweather, Jonathan Foulkes, Ceriann Magill, An De Meester, David Stodden, Matthieu Lenoir, and Katie Fitton Davies. 2025. “Co-Development of a Gamified Physical Education Movement Competence Intervention with School Stakeholders.” EUROPEAN PHYSICAL EDUCATION REVIEW. doi:10.1177/1356336x241301352.
Vancouver
1.
Rice J, Foweather L, Foulkes J, Magill C, De Meester A, Stodden D, et al. Co-development of a gamified physical education movement competence intervention with school stakeholders. EUROPEAN PHYSICAL EDUCATION REVIEW. 2025;
IEEE
[1]
J. Rice et al., “Co-development of a gamified physical education movement competence intervention with school stakeholders,” EUROPEAN PHYSICAL EDUCATION REVIEW, 2025.
@article{01JJS56EPX2Y1X0QM9EYQVZ43F,
  abstract     = {{Movement competence (MC) and emotional intelligence (EI) are positively associated and important for child development. Intervention research is needed to determine causal relationships between these outcomes. Gamification is a pedagogical model that may enhance MC and EI, but implementing interventions in schools is complex and requires multi-stakeholder involvement to ensure feasibility, acceptability and sustainability. However, methodological evidence to inform co-development work within physical education (PE) is lacking and further research is required. This study describes the process of co-developing a gamified PE intervention with school stakeholders to increase MC and EI among primary-aged children. A total of 91 children and four classroom teachers from three primary schools participated in a series of co-development workshops. Data from the workshops were thematically analysed and informed the development of three school-specific gamified PE curriculums. Findings from children included: (1) the social and foundational movement skills (FMS) to improve during the intervention; (2) the enjoyable components of PE, which included skill development and social interaction; (3) a desire to include more equipment in PE lessons; and (4) games, activities and gamification strategies to incorporate in the intervention. Findings from teachers included: (1) the barriers and facilitators to implementing a gamified model in PE; (2) the successful components of PE lessons; and (3) the overall development of the intervention. This methodology provides a framework for co-developing PE interventions within a school context. Results provide strategies to operationalise gamification. Future research should explore the feasibility and acceptability of the co-developed interventions to increase MC and EI.}},
  author       = {{Rice, Jenna and Foweather, Lawrence and Foulkes, Jonathan and Magill, Ceriann and De Meester, An and Stodden, David and Lenoir, Matthieu and Davies, Katie Fitton}},
  issn         = {{1356-336X}},
  journal      = {{EUROPEAN PHYSICAL EDUCATION REVIEW}},
  keywords     = {{biomechanics,Gamification,schools,primary,physical education,co-development,intervention,EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE,MOTOR COMPETENCE,CHILDREN,METAANALYSIS,STUDENTS,GAMIFICATION,IMPACT}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  pages        = {{21}},
  title        = {{Co-development of a gamified physical education movement competence intervention with school stakeholders}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1177/1356336x241301352}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}

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