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Optimized hydrothermal carbonization of chicken manure and anaerobic digestion of its process water for better energy management

Leyanet Odales Bernal (UGent) , Lisbet Mailin López González, Stef Ghysels (UGent) , Victor Lobanov (UGent) , Jo De Vrieze (UGent) , Ernesto L. Barrera and Frederik Ronsse (UGent)
(2025) JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT. 375.
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Abstract
Modern poultry production is faced with the challenge of properly managing its associated wastes, in particular chicken manure (CM). There is a need to improve the management of CM through conversion processes that allow the production of value-added products, particularly for energy purposes, such as hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) and anaerobic digestion (AD). The objectives of this study were: i) to optimize the CM-HTC, using response surface methodology with simultaneous optimization of mass yield and higher heating value (HHV), and ii) to evaluate the biomethane potential of the process water generated from hydrochar production under the optimized condition. An analysis of the overall energy potential was also performed. The optimal condition for HTC was 234 degrees C for 30 min, resulting in hydrochar with an HHV of 14.88 f 0.22 MJ/kg and a mass yield of 50.00 f 3.13 wt%. The cumulative methane yield was 179.2 f 13.1 NmL CH4/g VSadded and 255.5 f 14.5 NmL CH4/g VSadded for process water at 180 degrees C and 234 degrees C, respectively. The addition of hydrochar improved the methane yield by 49.6 f 10.8%, indicating that this is a valuable option for energy recovery from CM. Overall, the HTC-AD integration approach achieved an energy recovery potential of more than 79%, offering an efficient strategy for CM valorization.
Keywords
Chicken manure, Hydrothermal carbonization, Optimization, Process water, Biomethane potential, POULTRY LITTER, LIVESTOCK MANURES, SLOW PYROLYSIS, POTENTIAL BMP, SEWAGE-SLUDGE, BIOMASS, TEMPERATURE, HYDROCHAR, WASTE, LIQUID

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MLA
Odales Bernal, Leyanet, et al. “Optimized Hydrothermal Carbonization of Chicken Manure and Anaerobic Digestion of Its Process Water for Better Energy Management.” JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, vol. 375, 2025, doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.124191.
APA
Odales Bernal, L., González, L. M. L., Ghysels, S., Lobanov, V., De Vrieze, J., Barrera, E. L., & Ronsse, F. (2025). Optimized hydrothermal carbonization of chicken manure and anaerobic digestion of its process water for better energy management. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, 375. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.124191
Chicago author-date
Odales Bernal, Leyanet, Lisbet Mailin López González, Stef Ghysels, Victor Lobanov, Jo De Vrieze, Ernesto L. Barrera, and Frederik Ronsse. 2025. “Optimized Hydrothermal Carbonization of Chicken Manure and Anaerobic Digestion of Its Process Water for Better Energy Management.” JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 375. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.124191.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Odales Bernal, Leyanet, Lisbet Mailin López González, Stef Ghysels, Victor Lobanov, Jo De Vrieze, Ernesto L. Barrera, and Frederik Ronsse. 2025. “Optimized Hydrothermal Carbonization of Chicken Manure and Anaerobic Digestion of Its Process Water for Better Energy Management.” JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 375. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.124191.
Vancouver
1.
Odales Bernal L, González LML, Ghysels S, Lobanov V, De Vrieze J, Barrera EL, et al. Optimized hydrothermal carbonization of chicken manure and anaerobic digestion of its process water for better energy management. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT. 2025;375.
IEEE
[1]
L. Odales Bernal et al., “Optimized hydrothermal carbonization of chicken manure and anaerobic digestion of its process water for better energy management,” JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, vol. 375, 2025.
@article{01JJ9XVP6BS1EEMXFSZGKWTPB5,
  abstract     = {{Modern poultry production is faced with the challenge of properly managing its associated wastes, in particular chicken manure (CM). There is a need to improve the management of CM through conversion processes that allow the production of value-added products, particularly for energy purposes, such as hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) and anaerobic digestion (AD). The objectives of this study were: i) to optimize the CM-HTC, using response surface methodology with simultaneous optimization of mass yield and higher heating value (HHV), and ii) to evaluate the biomethane potential of the process water generated from hydrochar production under the optimized condition. An analysis of the overall energy potential was also performed. The optimal condition for HTC was 234 degrees C for 30 min, resulting in hydrochar with an HHV of 14.88 f 0.22 MJ/kg and a mass yield of 50.00 f 3.13 wt%. The cumulative methane yield was 179.2 f 13.1 NmL CH4/g VSadded and 255.5 f 14.5 NmL CH4/g VSadded for process water at 180 degrees C and 234 degrees C, respectively. The addition of hydrochar improved the methane yield by 49.6 f 10.8%, indicating that this is a valuable option for energy recovery from CM. Overall, the HTC-AD integration approach achieved an energy recovery potential of more than 79%, offering an efficient strategy for CM valorization.}},
  articleno    = {{124191}},
  author       = {{Odales Bernal, Leyanet and González, Lisbet Mailin López and Ghysels, Stef and Lobanov, Victor and De Vrieze, Jo and Barrera, Ernesto L. and Ronsse, Frederik}},
  issn         = {{0301-4797}},
  journal      = {{JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT}},
  keywords     = {{Chicken manure,Hydrothermal carbonization,Optimization,Process water,Biomethane potential,POULTRY LITTER,LIVESTOCK MANURES,SLOW PYROLYSIS,POTENTIAL BMP,SEWAGE-SLUDGE,BIOMASS,TEMPERATURE,HYDROCHAR,WASTE,LIQUID}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  pages        = {{13}},
  title        = {{Optimized hydrothermal carbonization of chicken manure and anaerobic digestion of its process water for better energy management}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.124191}},
  volume       = {{375}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}
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