- Author
- Sanna Toppila‐Salmi, Sietze Reitsma, Valérie Hox, Simon Gane, Ibon Eguiluz‐Gracia, Mohamed Shamji, Juan Maza‐Solano, Benjamin Jääskeläinen, Risto Väärä, Maria M. Escribese, Adam Chaker, Aspasia Karavelia, Michael Rudenko, Philippe Gevaert (UGent) and Ludger Klimek
- Organization
- Abstract
- Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a clinical syndrome defined by typical sinonasal symptoms persisting for at least 12 weeks. CRS is divided into two distinct phenotypes, CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and without (CRSsNP). The aim of the review is to provide an update on the current knowledge in CRS endotypes. The prevailing hypothesis regarding the pathogenesis of CRS suggests that dysfunctional interactions between the host and environmental stressors at the mucosal surface drive the diverse inflammatory mechanisms. Genetic and epigenetic variations in the mucosal immune system are believed to play a significant role in the pathomechanisms of CRS. Various environmental agents (such as microbes and irritants) have been implicated in CRS. In a healthy state, the sinonasal mucosa acts as a barrier, modulating environmental stimulation and mounting appropriate immune responses against pathogens with minimal tissue damage. Different endotypes may exist based on the specific mechanistic pathways driving the chronic tissue inflammation of CRS. There is a need to understand endotypes in order to better predict, diagnose, and treat CRS. This literature review provides an update on the role of the endotypes in CRS and the limitations of endotyping CRS in clinical practice. Understanding of the pathogenesis and optimal management of CRS has progressed significantly in the last decades; however, there still are several unmet needs in endotype research.
- Keywords
- EOSINOPHILIC CHRONIC RHINOSINUSITIS, NASAL POLYPS, MAST-CELLS, INFLAMMATORY ENDOTYPES, NITRIC-OXIDE, EXPRESSION, IGE, PATHOGENESIS, MICROBIOME, EPITHELIUM
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Citation
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication: http://hdl.handle.net/1854/LU-01JH5JP1BZC22NVWZNQKZBMAQK
- MLA
- Toppila‐Salmi, Sanna, et al. “Endotyping in Chronic Rhinosinusitis : An EAACI Task Force Report.” ALLERGY, vol. 80, no. 1, 2025, pp. 132–47, doi:10.1111/all.16418.
- APA
- Toppila‐Salmi, S., Reitsma, S., Hox, V., Gane, S., Eguiluz‐Gracia, I., Shamji, M., … Klimek, L. (2025). Endotyping in chronic rhinosinusitis : an EAACI Task Force report. ALLERGY, 80(1), 132–147. https://doi.org/10.1111/all.16418
- Chicago author-date
- Toppila‐Salmi, Sanna, Sietze Reitsma, Valérie Hox, Simon Gane, Ibon Eguiluz‐Gracia, Mohamed Shamji, Juan Maza‐Solano, et al. 2025. “Endotyping in Chronic Rhinosinusitis : An EAACI Task Force Report.” ALLERGY 80 (1): 132–47. https://doi.org/10.1111/all.16418.
- Chicago author-date (all authors)
- Toppila‐Salmi, Sanna, Sietze Reitsma, Valérie Hox, Simon Gane, Ibon Eguiluz‐Gracia, Mohamed Shamji, Juan Maza‐Solano, Benjamin Jääskeläinen, Risto Väärä, Maria M. Escribese, Adam Chaker, Aspasia Karavelia, Michael Rudenko, Philippe Gevaert, and Ludger Klimek. 2025. “Endotyping in Chronic Rhinosinusitis : An EAACI Task Force Report.” ALLERGY 80 (1): 132–147. doi:10.1111/all.16418.
- Vancouver
- 1.Toppila‐Salmi S, Reitsma S, Hox V, Gane S, Eguiluz‐Gracia I, Shamji M, et al. Endotyping in chronic rhinosinusitis : an EAACI Task Force report. ALLERGY. 2025;80(1):132–47.
- IEEE
- [1]S. Toppila‐Salmi et al., “Endotyping in chronic rhinosinusitis : an EAACI Task Force report,” ALLERGY, vol. 80, no. 1, pp. 132–147, 2025.
@article{01JH5JP1BZC22NVWZNQKZBMAQK,
abstract = {{Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a clinical syndrome defined by typical sinonasal symptoms persisting for at least 12 weeks. CRS is divided into two distinct phenotypes, CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and without (CRSsNP). The aim of the review is to provide an update on the current knowledge in CRS endotypes. The prevailing hypothesis regarding the pathogenesis of CRS suggests that dysfunctional interactions between the host and environmental stressors at the mucosal surface drive the diverse inflammatory mechanisms. Genetic and epigenetic variations in the mucosal immune system are believed to play a significant role in the pathomechanisms of CRS. Various environmental agents (such as microbes and irritants) have been implicated in CRS. In a healthy state, the sinonasal mucosa acts as a barrier, modulating environmental stimulation and mounting appropriate immune responses against pathogens with minimal tissue damage. Different endotypes may exist based on the specific mechanistic pathways driving the chronic tissue inflammation of CRS. There is a need to understand endotypes in order to better predict, diagnose, and treat CRS. This literature review provides an update on the role of the endotypes in CRS and the limitations of endotyping CRS in clinical practice. Understanding of the pathogenesis and optimal management of CRS has progressed significantly in the last decades; however, there still are several unmet needs in endotype research.}},
author = {{Toppila‐Salmi, Sanna and Reitsma, Sietze and Hox, Valérie and Gane, Simon and Eguiluz‐Gracia, Ibon and Shamji, Mohamed and Maza‐Solano, Juan and Jääskeläinen, Benjamin and Väärä, Risto and Escribese, Maria M. and Chaker, Adam and Karavelia, Aspasia and Rudenko, Michael and Gevaert, Philippe and Klimek, Ludger}},
issn = {{0105-4538}},
journal = {{ALLERGY}},
keywords = {{EOSINOPHILIC CHRONIC RHINOSINUSITIS,NASAL POLYPS,MAST-CELLS,INFLAMMATORY ENDOTYPES,NITRIC-OXIDE,EXPRESSION,IGE,PATHOGENESIS,MICROBIOME,EPITHELIUM}},
language = {{eng}},
number = {{1}},
pages = {{132--147}},
title = {{Endotyping in chronic rhinosinusitis : an EAACI Task Force report}},
url = {{http://doi.org/10.1111/all.16418}},
volume = {{80}},
year = {{2025}},
}
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