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Feed additives for methane mitigation : a guideline to uncover the mode of action of antimethanogenic feed additives for ruminants

(2025) JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE. 108(1). p.375-394
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Abstract
This publication aims to provide guidelines of the knowledge required and the potential research to be conducted in order to understand the mode of action of antimethanogenic feed additives (AMFA). In the first part of the paper, we classify AMFA into 4 categories according to their mode of action: (1) lowering dihydrogen (H2) production; (2) inhibiting methanogens; (3) promoting alternative H2-incorporating pathways; and (4) oxidizing methane (CH4). The second part of the paper presents questions that guide the research to identify the mode of action of an AMFA on the rumen CH4 production from 5 different perspectives: (1) microbiology; (2) cell and molecular biochemistry; (3) microbial ecology; (4) animal metabolism; and (5) cross-cutting aspects. Recommendations are provided to address various research questions within each perspective, along with examples of how aspects of the mode of action of AMFA have been elucidated before. In summary, this paper offers timely and comprehensive guidelines to better understand and reveal the mode of action of current and emerging AMFA.
Keywords
methanogens, mitigation, rumen methanogenesis, rumen microbiota, COENZYME-M REDUCTASE, IN-VITRO, ASPARAGOPSIS-TAXIFORMIS, RUMEN METHANOGENESIS, BEEF-CATTLE, DIETARY NITRATE, FERMENTATION, DAIRY, MONENSIN, BACTERIA

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MLA
Belanche, Alejandro, et al. “Feed Additives for Methane Mitigation : A Guideline to Uncover the Mode of Action of Antimethanogenic Feed Additives for Ruminants.” JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE, vol. 108, no. 1, 2025, pp. 375–94, doi:10.3168/jds.2024-25046.
APA
Belanche, A., Bannink, A., Dijkstra, J., Durmic, Z., Garcia, F., Santos, F. G., … Ungerfeld, E. M. (2025). Feed additives for methane mitigation : a guideline to uncover the mode of action of antimethanogenic feed additives for ruminants. JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE, 108(1), 375–394. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2024-25046
Chicago author-date
Belanche, Alejandro, André Bannink, Jan Dijkstra, Zoey Durmic, Florencia Garcia, Fernanda G. Santos, Sharon Huws, et al. 2025. “Feed Additives for Methane Mitigation : A Guideline to Uncover the Mode of Action of Antimethanogenic Feed Additives for Ruminants.” JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE 108 (1): 375–94. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2024-25046.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Belanche, Alejandro, André Bannink, Jan Dijkstra, Zoey Durmic, Florencia Garcia, Fernanda G. Santos, Sharon Huws, Jeyamalar Jeyanathan, Peter Lund, Roderick I. Mackie, Tim A. McAllister, Diego P. Morgavi, Stefan Muetzel, Dipti W. Pitta, David R. Yáñez-Ruiz, and Emilio M. Ungerfeld. 2025. “Feed Additives for Methane Mitigation : A Guideline to Uncover the Mode of Action of Antimethanogenic Feed Additives for Ruminants.” JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE 108 (1): 375–394. doi:10.3168/jds.2024-25046.
Vancouver
1.
Belanche A, Bannink A, Dijkstra J, Durmic Z, Garcia F, Santos FG, et al. Feed additives for methane mitigation : a guideline to uncover the mode of action of antimethanogenic feed additives for ruminants. JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE. 2025;108(1):375–94.
IEEE
[1]
A. Belanche et al., “Feed additives for methane mitigation : a guideline to uncover the mode of action of antimethanogenic feed additives for ruminants,” JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE, vol. 108, no. 1, pp. 375–394, 2025.
@article{01JGP2CJEV0VGSJH413KXPCD1Z,
  abstract     = {{This publication aims to provide guidelines of the knowledge required and the potential research to be conducted in order to understand the mode of action of antimethanogenic feed additives (AMFA). In the first part of the paper, we classify AMFA into 4 categories according to their mode of action: (1) lowering dihydrogen (H2) production; (2) inhibiting methanogens; (3) promoting alternative H2-incorporating pathways; and (4) oxidizing methane (CH4). The second part of the paper presents questions that guide the research to identify the mode of action of an AMFA on the rumen CH4 production from 5 different perspectives: (1) microbiology; (2) cell and molecular biochemistry; (3) microbial ecology; (4) animal metabolism; and (5) cross-cutting aspects. Recommendations are provided to address various research questions within each perspective, along with examples of how aspects of the mode of action of AMFA have been elucidated before. In summary, this paper offers timely and comprehensive guidelines to better understand and reveal the mode of action of current and emerging AMFA.}},
  author       = {{Belanche, Alejandro and Bannink, André and Dijkstra, Jan and Durmic, Zoey and Garcia, Florencia and Santos, Fernanda G. and Huws, Sharon and Jeyanathan, Jeyamalar and Lund, Peter and Mackie, Roderick I. and McAllister, Tim A. and Morgavi, Diego P. and Muetzel, Stefan and Pitta, Dipti W. and Yáñez-Ruiz, David R. and Ungerfeld, Emilio M.}},
  issn         = {{0022-0302}},
  journal      = {{JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE}},
  keywords     = {{methanogens,mitigation,rumen methanogenesis,rumen microbiota,COENZYME-M REDUCTASE,IN-VITRO,ASPARAGOPSIS-TAXIFORMIS,RUMEN METHANOGENESIS,BEEF-CATTLE,DIETARY NITRATE,FERMENTATION,DAIRY,MONENSIN,BACTERIA}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{1}},
  pages        = {{375--394}},
  title        = {{Feed additives for methane mitigation : a guideline to uncover the mode of action of antimethanogenic feed additives for ruminants}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2024-25046}},
  volume       = {{108}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}

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