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Caudal vena cava isolation using ablation index-guided radiofrequency catheter ablation (CARTO™ 3) to treat sustained atrial tachycardia in horses

Eva Buschmann (UGent) , Glenn Van Steenkiste (UGent) , Ingrid Vernemmen (UGent) , Marie Demeyere (UGent) , Stijn Schauvliege (UGent) , Annelies Decloedt (UGent) and Gunther van Loon (UGent)
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Abstract
Background: Myocardial sleeves of the caudal vena cava are the predilection site for atrial tachycardia (AT) in horses. Caudal vena cava isolation guided by the ablation index, a lesion quality marker incorporating power, duration and contact force, might improve outcome.ObjectivesDescribe the feasibility and outcome of caudal vena cava isolation using ablation index-guided radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) to treat AT in horses. Animals: Ten horses with sustained AT. Methods: Records from 10 horses with sustained AT treated by three-dimensional electro-anatomical mapping and ablation index-guided RFCA (CARTO (TM) 3) were reviewed. Results: Three-dimensional electro-anatomical mapping of the right atrium identified a macro-reentry circuit in the caudomedial right atrium (n = 10). Point-by-point RFCA was performed to isolate the myocardial sleeves of the caudal vena cava in power-controlled mode with a mean of 17 +/- 7 applications. The ablation index target was 400-450. A median ablation index of 436 (range, 311-763) was reached using a median maximum power of 35 (range, 24-45) W for a median duration of 20 (range, 8-45) seconds, with a median contact force of 10 (range, 3-48) g. Sinus rhythm was restored in all 10 horses. To date, 9-37 months post-ablation, none of the horses have had recurrence. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Caudal vena cava isolation using ablation index-guided RFCA was feasible and effective to permanently treat sustained AT in horses. Ablation index guidance ensured efficient lesion creation, and isolation of the caudal vena cava eliminated the arrhythmogenic substrate, thereby minimizing the risk of recurrence.
Keywords
arrhythmias, electrophysiology, equine cardiology, three-dimensional electro-anatomical mapping, CONTACT FORCE, CARDIAC-ARRHYTHMIAS, FIBRILLATION, FLUTTER, COMPLICATIONS, RECONNECTION, PREDICTION, STATEMENT, EFFICACY, SAFETY

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MLA
Buschmann, Eva, et al. “Caudal Vena Cava Isolation Using Ablation Index-Guided Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation (CARTOTM 3) to Treat Sustained Atrial Tachycardia in Horses.” JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE, vol. 39, no. 1, 2025, doi:10.1111/jvim.17251.
APA
Buschmann, E., Van Steenkiste, G., Vernemmen, I., Demeyere, M., Schauvliege, S., Decloedt, A., & van Loon, G. (2025). Caudal vena cava isolation using ablation index-guided radiofrequency catheter ablation (CARTOTM 3) to treat sustained atrial tachycardia in horses. JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE, 39(1). https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.17251
Chicago author-date
Buschmann, Eva, Glenn Van Steenkiste, Ingrid Vernemmen, Marie Demeyere, Stijn Schauvliege, Annelies Decloedt, and Gunther van Loon. 2025. “Caudal Vena Cava Isolation Using Ablation Index-Guided Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation (CARTOTM 3) to Treat Sustained Atrial Tachycardia in Horses.” JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE 39 (1). https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.17251.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Buschmann, Eva, Glenn Van Steenkiste, Ingrid Vernemmen, Marie Demeyere, Stijn Schauvliege, Annelies Decloedt, and Gunther van Loon. 2025. “Caudal Vena Cava Isolation Using Ablation Index-Guided Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation (CARTOTM 3) to Treat Sustained Atrial Tachycardia in Horses.” JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE 39 (1). doi:10.1111/jvim.17251.
Vancouver
1.
Buschmann E, Van Steenkiste G, Vernemmen I, Demeyere M, Schauvliege S, Decloedt A, et al. Caudal vena cava isolation using ablation index-guided radiofrequency catheter ablation (CARTOTM 3) to treat sustained atrial tachycardia in horses. JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE. 2025;39(1).
IEEE
[1]
E. Buschmann et al., “Caudal vena cava isolation using ablation index-guided radiofrequency catheter ablation (CARTOTM 3) to treat sustained atrial tachycardia in horses,” JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE, vol. 39, no. 1, 2025.
@article{01JERF70CFQ8ZR06H4S3SCGV7F,
  abstract     = {{Background: Myocardial sleeves of the caudal vena cava are the predilection site for atrial tachycardia (AT) in horses. Caudal vena cava isolation guided by the ablation index, a lesion quality marker incorporating power, duration and contact force, might improve outcome.ObjectivesDescribe the feasibility and outcome of caudal vena cava isolation using ablation index-guided radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) to treat AT in horses.
Animals: Ten horses with sustained AT.
Methods: Records from 10 horses with sustained AT treated by three-dimensional electro-anatomical mapping and ablation index-guided RFCA (CARTO (TM) 3) were reviewed.
Results: Three-dimensional electro-anatomical mapping of the right atrium identified a macro-reentry circuit in the caudomedial right atrium (n = 10). Point-by-point RFCA was performed to isolate the myocardial sleeves of the caudal vena cava in power-controlled mode with a mean of 17 +/- 7 applications. The ablation index target was 400-450. A median ablation index of 436 (range, 311-763) was reached using a median maximum power of 35 (range, 24-45) W for a median duration of 20 (range, 8-45) seconds, with a median contact force of 10 (range, 3-48) g. Sinus rhythm was restored in all 10 horses. To date, 9-37 months post-ablation, none of the horses have had recurrence. 
Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Caudal vena cava isolation using ablation index-guided RFCA was feasible and effective to permanently treat sustained AT in horses. Ablation index guidance ensured efficient lesion creation, and isolation of the caudal vena cava eliminated the arrhythmogenic substrate, thereby minimizing the risk of recurrence.}},
  articleno    = {{e17251}},
  author       = {{Buschmann, Eva and Van Steenkiste, Glenn and Vernemmen, Ingrid and Demeyere, Marie and Schauvliege, Stijn and Decloedt, Annelies and van Loon, Gunther}},
  issn         = {{0891-6640}},
  journal      = {{JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE}},
  keywords     = {{arrhythmias,electrophysiology,equine cardiology,three-dimensional electro-anatomical mapping,CONTACT FORCE,CARDIAC-ARRHYTHMIAS,FIBRILLATION,FLUTTER,COMPLICATIONS,RECONNECTION,PREDICTION,STATEMENT,EFFICACY,SAFETY}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{1}},
  pages        = {{11}},
  title        = {{Caudal vena cava isolation using ablation index-guided radiofrequency catheter ablation (CARTO™ 3) to treat sustained atrial tachycardia in horses}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.17251}},
  volume       = {{39}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}

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