@inproceedings{01JDPXWY72WT03BSHJKR1714HB,
  abstract     = {{Idiopathic epilepsy (IE) is the most common chronic neurological disease in dogs (Kearsly-Fleet et al, 2013). Management of canine IE remains challenging however, as one in three dogs is resistant to antiseizure medication (ASM). Better understanding of the pathways involved is primordial to help improve its management, and in this context, the gut-brain-axis (GBA), i.e. the bidirectional communication network between brain and gastro-intestinal system, has recently attracted more attention (Gernone et al, 2022). Therefore, in this work, the faecal metabolome and microbiome in IE were studied.
Faeces of healthy dogs (n = 39) and dogs with Tier I or II IE (n = 48) (De Risio et al, 2015) was collected. Dogs with IE were classified as drug-sensitive (DS) (n = 22) or drug-resistant (DR) (n = 26). Targeted metabolomics was performed with ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry (De Paepe et al, 2018). The microbiome was sequenced using 16s DNA sequencing amplifying the V3-V4 region (Goossens et al, 2021). All dogs received the same adult maintenance diet for a minimum period of 20 days (35 ± 11 days) before sample collection. Normalized peak areas for each metabolite (n = 148) were compared between groups using multiple comparisons, followed by a post-hoc Dunn test. Relative microbiome abundancies were compared on genus level using DeSeq2 (Love et al, 2014) after selection of bacterial ASVs present in at least 50% of the samples per group. 
Histamine (P = 0.022) and 1-methylhistamine (P = 0.024) were increased in faeces of DR compared to healthy dogs. Inosine was decreased in DR compared to DS (P = 0.009) and healthy dogs (P = 0.027). Serotonin, however was increased in DS compared to healthy (P = 0.034) and DR dogs (P = 0.012). Shifts in histamine (Hua et al, 2023), inosine (Nascimento et al, 2021) and serotonin (Petrucci et al, 2020) have indeed been linked to epilepsy previously. Succinivibrio decreased in DS (P = 0.028), as previously seen in dogs with chronic enteropathy (Diaz-Reganon et al, 2023), and Clostridium sensu stricto increased in DR (P = 0.001) compared to healthy dogs. The latter was linked with ASM use in humans (Ortega et al, 2023).}},
  author       = {{Verdoodt, Fien and Hemeryck, Lieselot and Molina, Jenifer and Goossens, Evy and Van Immerseel, Filip and Vanhaecke, Lynn and Van Ham, Luc and Hesta, Myriam and Bhatti, Sofie}},
  booktitle    = {{Benelux Metabolomics Days 2024, Abstracts}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  location     = {{Zebrastraat Ghent, Belgium}},
  pages        = {{1}},
  title        = {{The idiopathic epilepsy mystery : faecal metabolome and microbiome are altered in dogs with idiopathic epilepsy}},
  url          = {{https://www.aanmelder.nl/bmd2024}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}