@article{01JDPB4P1R7CQX0NEN6TNAG3HF,
  abstract     = {{Background : 
Diabetes can be detected at the primary health-care level, and effective treatments lower the risk of complications. There are insufficient data on the coverage of treatment for diabetes and how it has changed. We estimated trends from 1990 to 2022 in diabetes prevalence and treatment for 200 countries and territories.

Methods : 
We used data from 1108 population-representative studies with 141 million participants aged 18 years and older with measurements of fasting glucose and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), and information on diabetes treatment. We defined diabetes as having a fasting plasma glucose (FPG) of 7·0 mmol/L or higher, having an HbA1c of 6·5% or higher, or taking medication for diabetes. We defined diabetes treatment as the proportion of people with diabetes who were taking medication for diabetes. We analysed the data in a Bayesian hierarchical meta-regression model to estimate diabetes prevalence and treatment.

Findings : 
In 2022, an estimated 828 million (95% credible interval [CrI] 757–908) adults (those aged 18 years and older) had diabetes, an increase of 630 million (554–713) from 1990. From 1990 to 2022, the age-standardised prevalence of diabetes increased in 131 countries for women and in 155 countries for men with a posterior probability of more than 0·80. The largest increases were in low-income and middle-income countries in southeast Asia (eg, Malaysia), south Asia (eg, Pakistan), the Middle East and north Africa (eg, Egypt), and Latin America and the Caribbean (eg, Jamaica, Trinidad and Tobago, and Costa Rica). Age-standardised prevalence neither increased nor decreased with a posterior probability of more than 0·80 in some countries in western and central Europe, sub-Saharan Africa, east Asia and the Pacific, Canada, and some Pacific island nations where prevalence was already high in 1990; it decreased with a posterior probability of more than 0·80 in women in Japan, Spain, and France, and in men in Nauru. The lowest prevalence in the world in 2022 was in western Europe and east Africa for both sexes, and in Japan and Canada for women, and the highest prevalence in the world in 2022 was in countries in Polynesia and Micronesia, some countries in the Caribbean and the Middle East and north Africa, as well as Pakistan and Malaysia. In 2022, 445 million (95% CrI 401–496) adults aged 30 years or older with diabetes did not receive treatment (59% of adults aged 30 years or older with diabetes), 3·5 times the number in 1990. From 1990 to 2022, diabetes treatment coverage increased in 118 countries for women and 98 countries for men with a posterior probability of more than 0·80. The largest improvement in treatment coverage was in some countries from central and western Europe and Latin America (Mexico, Colombia, Chile, and Costa Rica), Canada, South Korea, Russia, Seychelles, and Jordan. There was no increase in treatment coverage in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa; the Caribbean; Pacific island nations; and south, southeast, and central Asia. In 2022, age-standardised treatment coverage was lowest in countries in sub-Saharan Africa and south Asia, and treatment coverage was less than 10% in some African countries. Treatment coverage was 55% or higher in South Korea, many high-income western countries, and some countries in central and eastern Europe (eg, Poland, Czechia, and Russia), Latin America (eg, Costa Rica, Chile, and Mexico), and the Middle East and north Africa (eg, Jordan, Qatar, and Kuwait).

Interpretation : 
In most countries, especially in low-income and middle-income countries, diabetes treatment has not increased at all or has not increased sufficiently in comparison with the rise in prevalence. The burden of diabetes and untreated diabetes is increasingly borne by low-income and middle-income countries. The expansion of health insurance and primary health care should be accompanied with diabetes programmes that realign and resource health services to enhance the early detection and effective treatment of diabetes.}},
  author       = {{Zhou, Bin and Rayner, Archie W and Gregg, Edward W and Sheffer, Kate E and Carrillo-Larco, Rodrigo M and Bennett, James E and Shaw, Jonathan E and Paciorek, Christopher J and Singleton, Rosie K and Barradas Pires, Ana and Stevens, Gretchen A and Danaei, Goodarz and Lhoste, Victor PF and Phelps, Nowell H and Heap, Rachel A and Jain, Lakshya and D'Ailhaud De Brisis, Yse and Galeazzi, Agnese and Kengne, Andre P and Mishra, Anu and Ikeda, Nayu and Lin, Hsien-Ho and Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A and Anjana, Ranjit Mohan and Ben Romdhane, Habiba and Davletov, Kairat and Ganapathy, Shubash and Heidemann, Christin and Khader, Yousef Saleh and Khang, Young-Ho and Laxmaiah, Avula and Mbanya, Jean Claude N and Mohan, Viswanathan and Narayan, KM Venkat and Pavkov, Meda E and Sobngwi, Eugène and Wade, Alisha N and Younger-Coleman, Novie O and Zdrojewski, Tomasz and Abarca-Gómez, Leandra and Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen and Abdul Rahim, Hanan F and Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M and Adambekov, Shalkar and Adams, Robert J and Aekplakorn, Wichai and Afzal, Shoaib and Agdeppa, Imelda A and Aghazadeh-Attari, Javad and Agyemang, Charles and Ahmad, Noor Ani and Ahmadi, Ali and Ahmadi, Naser and Ahmadi, Nastaran and Ahmed, Soheir H and Ahrens, Wolfgang and Ajlouni, Kamel and Al-Hamli, Sarah F and Al-Hinai, Halima and Al-Lawati, Jawad A and Al Asfoor, Deena and Alarouj, Monira and AlBuhairan, Fadia and AlDhukair, Shahla and Ali, Mohamed M and Ali, Mohammed K and Alieva, Anna V and Alinezhad, Farbod and Alkandari, Abdullah and Alkerwi, Ala'a and Aly, Eman and Amarapurkar, Deepak N and Andersen, Lars Bo and Anderssen, Sigmund A and Andrade, Dolores S and Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza and Aounallah-Skhiri, Hajer and Araújo, Joana and Aris, Tahir and Arku, Raphael E and Arlappa, Nimmathota and Aryal, Krishna K and Aspelund, Thor and Assah, Felix K and Assembekov, Batyrbek and Au Yeung, Shiu Lun and Auvinen, Juha and Avdičová, Mária and Azad, Kishwar and Azevedo, Ana and Azimi-Nezhad, Mohsen and Azizi, Fereidoun and Bacopoulou, Flora and Balakrishna, Nagalla and Balanova, Yulia and Bamoshmoosh, Mohamed and Banach, Maciej and Bandosz, Piotr and Banegas, José R and Barbagallo, Carlo M and Barcelo, Alberto and Baretić, Maja and Barrera, Lena and Barreto, Marta and Basit, Abdul and Batieha, Anwar M and Batista, Aline P and Baur, Louise A and Belavendra, Antonisamy and Benedek, Theodora and Benet, Mikhail and Benzeval, Michaela and Berkinbayev, Salim and Bernabe-Ortiz, Antonio and Berrios Carrasola, Ximena and Bettiol, Heloísa and Beybey, Augustin F and Bhargava, Santosh K and Bi, Yufang and Bika Lele, Elysée Claude and Bikbov, Mukharram M and Bista, Bihungum and Bjerregaard, Peter and Bjertness, Espen and Bjertness, Marius B and Björkelund, Cecilia and Bloch, Katia V and Blokstra, Anneke and Bobak, Martin and Boehm, Bernhard O and Boggia, Jose G and Boissonnet, Carlos P and Bojesen, Stig E and Bonaccio, Marialaura and Bonilla-Vargas, Alice and Borghs, Herman and Botomba, Steve and Bovet, Pascal and Brajkovich, Imperia and Brenner, Hermann and Brewster, Lizzy M and Brian, Garry R and Briceño, Yajaira and Brito, Miguel and Bueno, Gloria and Bugge, Anna and Buntinx, Frank and Cabrera de León, Antonio and Caixeta, Roberta B and Can, Günay and Cândido, Ana Paula C and Capanzana, Mario V and Čapková, Naděžda and Capuano, Eduardo and Capuano, Rocco and Capuano, Vincenzo and Cardoso, Viviane C and Carlsson, Axel C and Casanueva, Felipe F and Censi, Laura and Cervantes–Loaiza, Marvin and Chadjigeorgiou, Charalambos A and Chamnan, Parinya and Chamukuttan, Snehalatha and Chan, Queenie and Charchar, Fadi J and Chaturvedi, Nish and Chen, Chien-Jen and Chen, Huashuai and Chen, Long-Sheng and Cheng, Ching-Yu and Cheraghian, Bahman and Chetrit, Angela and Chiou, Shu-Ti and Chirlaque, María-Dolores and Chudek, Jerzy and Cifkova, Renata and Cirillo, Massimo and Claessens, Frank and Clarke, Janine and Cohen, Emmanuel and Concin, Hans and Cooper, Cyrus and Cosmin, Cojocaru R and Costanzo, Simona and Cowan, Melanie J and Cowell, Chris and Crampin, Amelia C and Crujeiras, Ana B and Cruz, Juan J and Cureau, Felipe V and Cuschieri, Sarah and D'Arrigo, Graziella and d'Orsi, Eleonora and da Silva-Ferreira, Haroldo and Dallongeville, Jean and Damasceno, Albertino and Dankner, Rachel and Dastgiri, Saeed and Dauchet, Luc and De Curtis, Amalia and de Gaetano, Giovanni and De Henauw, Stefaan and De Ridder, David and Deepa, Mohan and DeGennaro, Vincent Jr and Demarest, Stefaan and Dennison, Elaine and Deschamps, Valérie and Dhimal, Meghnath and Dika, Zivka and Djalalinia, Shirin and Donfrancesco, Chiara and Dorobantu, Maria and Dragano, Nico and Drygas, Wojciech and Du, Shufa and Du, Yong and Duante, Charmaine A and Duboz, Priscilla and Duda, Rosemary B and Dushpanova, Anar and Dzerve, Vilnis and Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, Elzbieta and Ebrahimi, Narges and Eddie, Ricky and Eftekhar, Ebrahim and Efthymiou, Vasiliki and Egbagbe, Eruke E and Eggertsen, Robert and Eghtesad, Sareh and Ejembi, Clara Ladi and El-Khateeb, Mohammad and El Ati, Jalila and Eldemire-Shearer, Denise and Elosua, Roberto and Enang, Ofem and Erasmus, Rajiv T and Erem, Cihangir and Ergor, Gul and Eriksen, Louise and Eriksson, Johan G and Esmaeili, Ali and Evans, Roger G and Fagherazzi, Guy and Fahimfar, Noushin and Fakhradiyev, Ildar and Fakhretdinova, Albina A and Fall, Caroline H and Faramarzi, Elnaz and Farjam, Mojtaba and Farzadfar, Farshad and Farzi, Yosef and Fattahi, Mohammad Reza and Fawwad, Asher and Felix-Redondo, Francisco J and Ferguson, Trevor S and Fernández-Bergés, Daniel and Fernando, Desha R and Ferrao, Thomas and Ferrari, Marika and Ferrario, Marco M and Ferreccio, Catterina and Ferrer, Eldridge and Feskens, Edith JM and Fink, Günther and Flood, David and Forsner, Maria and Fosse-Edorh, Sandrine and Fottrell, Edward F and Fouad, Heba M and Francis, Damian K and Frontera, Guillermo and Fujiati, Isti I and Fumihiko, Matsuda and Furusawa, Takuro and Gaciong, Zbigniew and Galvano, Fabio and Garnett, Sarah P and Gaspoz, Jean-Michel and Gasull, Magda and Gazzinelli, Andrea and Gehring, Ulrike and Ghaderi, Ebrahim and Ghamari, Seyyed-Hadi and Ghanbari, Ali and Ghasemi, Erfan and Gheorghe-Fronea, Oana-Florentina and Ghimire, Anup and Gialluisi, Alessandro and Giampaoli, Simona and Gianfagna, Francesco and Gill, Tiffany K and Giovannelli, Jonathan and Gironella, Glen and Giwercman, Aleksander and Goldberg, Marcel and Goltzman, David and Gomula, Aleksandra and Gonçalves, Helen and Gonçalves, Mauer and Gonzalez-Chica, David A and Gonzalez-Gross, Marcela and González-Rivas, Juan P and Gonzalez, Angel R and Goto, Atsushi and Gottrand, Frederic and Grafnetter, Dušan and Grammatikopoulou, Maria G and Grant, Andriene and Grimsgaard, Anne Sameline and Grodzicki, Tomasz and Grøntved, Anders and Grosso, Giuseppe and Gu, Dongfeng and Gudnason, Vilmundur and Guerrero, Ramiro and Guessous, Idris and Gujral, Unjali P and Gupta, Rajeev and Gutierrez, Laura and Gwee, Xinyi and Ha, Seongjun and Haghshenas, Rosa and Hakimi, Hamid and Hambleton, Ian R and Hamzeh, Behrooz and Hange, Dominique and Hantunen, Sari and Hao, Jie and Harooni, Javad and Hashemi-Shahri, Seyed Mohammad and Hata, Jun and Hayes, Alison J and He, Jiang and Henrique, Rafael dos Santos and Henriques, Ana and Herrala, Sauli and Herzig, Karl-Heinz and Heshmat, Ramin and Hill, Allan G and Ho, Sai Yin and Holdsworth, Michelle and Homayounfar, Reza and Hopman, Wilma M and Horimoto, Andrea RVR and Hormiga, Claudia and Horta, Bernardo L and Houti, Leila and Howitt, Christina and Htay, Thein Thein and Htet, Aung Soe and Htike, Maung Maung Than and Huerta, José María and Huhtaniemi, Ilpo Tapani and Huiart, Laetitia and Huisman, Martijn and Hunsberger, Monica and Husseini, Abdullatif and Huybrechts, Inge and Iacoviello, Licia and Iakupova, Ellina M and Iannone, Anna G and Ibrahim Wong, Norazizah and Ijoma, Chinwuba and Irazola, Vilma E and Ishida, Takafumi and Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful and Islek, Duygu and Ittermann, Till and Iwasaki, Masanori and Jääskeläinen, Tuija and Jacobs, Jeremy M and Jaddou, Hashem Y and Jadoul, Michel and Jallow, Bakary and James, Kenneth and Jamil, Kazi M and Janus, Edward and Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta and Jasienska, Grazyna and Jelaković, Ana and Jelaković, Bojan and Jennings, Garry and Jha, Anjani Kumar and Jibo, AM and Jimenez, Ramon O and Jöckel, Karl-Heinz and Jokelainen, Jari J and Jonas, Jost B and Josipović, Josipa and Joukar, Farahnaz and Jóźwiak, Jacek and Kafatos, Anthony and Kajantie, Eero O and Kalmatayeva, Zhanna and Kalter-Leibovici, Ofra and Karakosta, Argyro and Karki, Khem B and Katibeh, Marzieh and Katulanda, Prasad and Kauhanen, Jussi and Kazakbaeva, Gyulli M and Kaze, François F and Ke, Calvin and Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, Sirkka and Kelishadi, Roya and Keramati, Maryam and Kersting, Mathilde and Khalagi, Kazem and Khaledifar, Arsalan and Khalili, Davood and Kheiri, Bahareh and Kheradmand, Motahareh and Khosravi Farsani, Alireza and Kiechl-Kohlendorfer, Ursula and Kiechl, Sophia J and Kiechl, Stefan and Kim, Hyeon Chang and Kingston, Andrew and Klakk, Heidi and Klanova, Jana and Knoflach, Michael and Kolsteren, Patrick and König, Jürgen and Korpelainen, Raija and Korrovits, Paul and Kos, Jelena and Koskinen, Seppo and Kowlessur, Sudhir and Koziel, Slawomir and Kratzer, Wolfgang and Kriemler, Susi and Kristensen, Peter Lund and Krokstad, Steinar and Kromhout, Daan and Kubinova, Ruzena and Kujala, Urho M and Kulimbet, Mukhtar and Kulothungan, Vaitheeswaran and Kumari, Meena and Kutsenko, Vladimir and Kyobutungi, Catherine and La, Quang Ngoc and Laatikainen, Tiina and Labadarios, Demetre and Lachat, Carl and Laid, Youcef and Lall, Lachmie and Langsted, Anne and Lankila, Tiina and Lanska, Vera and Lappas, Georg and Larijani, Bagher and Latt, Tint Swe and Laurenzi, Martino and Le Coroller, Gwenaëlle and Lee, Jeannette and Lehtimäki, Terho and Lemogoum, Daniel and Leung, Gabriel M and Lim, Charlie and Lim, Wei-Yen and Lima-Costa, M Fernanda and Lin, Yi-Jing and Lind, Lars and Lissner, Lauren and Liu, Liping and Liu, Xiaotian and Lo, Wei-Cheng and Loit, Helle-Mai and Lopez-Garcia, Esther and Lopez, Tania and Lozano, José Eugenio and Luksiene, Dalia and Lundqvist, Annamari and Lunet, Nuno and Lung, Thomas and Lustigová, Michala and Ma, Guansheng and Machado-Coelho, George LL and Machado-Rodrigues, Aristides M and Macia, Enguerran and Macieira, Luisa M and Madar, Ahmed A and Maestre, Gladys E and Maggi, Stefania and Magliano, Dianna J and Magriplis, Emmanuella and Mahasampath, Gowri and Maire, Bernard and Makdisse, Marcia and Makrilakis, Konstantinos and Malekpour, Mohammad-Reza and Malekzadeh, Fatemeh and Malekzadeh, Reza and Malyutina, Sofia and Maniego, Lynell V and Manios, Yannis and Mansour-Ghanaei, Fariborz and Manzato, Enzo and Mapatano, Mala Ali and Marcil, Anie and Mardones, Francisco and Margozzini, Paula and Marques-Vidal, Pedro and Marques, Larissa Pruner and Martorell, Reynaldo and Mascarenhas, Luis P and Masimango Imani, Mannix and Masinaei, Masoud and Masoodi, Shariq R and Mathiesen, Ellisiv B and Mathur, Prashant and Matsha, Tandi E and Mc Donald Posso, Anselmo J and McFarlane, Shelly R and McGarvey, Stephen T and McLean, Scott B and McNulty, Breige A and Mediene Benchekor, Sounnia and Mehlig, Kirsten and Mehrparvar, Amir Houshang and Melgarejo, Jesus D and Méndez, Fabián and Menezes, Ana Maria B and Mereke, Alibek and Meshram, Indrapal I and Meto, Diane T and Michels, Nathalie and Minderico, Cláudia S and Mini, GK and Miquel, Juan Francisco and Miranda, J Jaime and Mirjalili, Mohammad Reza and Mirkopoulou, Daphne and Modesti, Pietro A and Moghaddam, Sahar Saeedi and Mohammad, Kazem and Mohammadi, Mohammad Reza and Mohammadi, Zahra and Mohammadifard, Noushin and Mohammadpourhodki, Reza and Mohd Yusoff, Muhammad Fadhli and Mohebbi, Iraj and Møller, Niels C and Molnár, Dénes and Momenan, Amirabbas and Montenegro Mendoza, Roger A and Moosazadeh, Mahmood and Moradpour, Farhad and Morejon, Alain and Moreno, Luis A and Morgan, Karen and Morin, Suzanne N and Moschonis, George and Moslem, Alireza and Mosquera, Mildrey and Mossakowska, Malgorzata and Mostafa, Aya and Mostafavi, Seyed-Ali and Mota, Eugen and Mota, Jorge and Mota, Maria and Motlagh, Mohammad Esmaeel and Motta, Jorge and Msyamboza, Kelias P and Mu, Thet Thet and Muiesan, Maria L and Munroe, Patricia B and Mursu, Jaakko and Musa, Kamarul Imran and Mustafa, Norlaila and Muyer, Muel Telo MC and Nabipour, Iraj and Nagel, Gabriele and Naidu, Balkish M and Najafi, Farid and Námešná, Jana and Nang, Ei Ei K and Nangia, Vinay B and Naseri, Take and Navarro-Ramírez, Ana J and Neelapaichit, Nareemarn and Nejatizadeh, Azim and Nenko, Ilona and Nervi, Flavio and Ng, Tze Pin and Nguyen, Chung T and Nguyen, Nguyen D and Nguyen, Quang Ngoc and Ni, Michael Y and Nie, Peng and Nieto-Martínez, Ramfis E and Ning, Guang and Ninomiya, Toshiharu and Nishi, Nobuo and Noale, Marianna and Noboa, Oscar A and Noda, Mitsuhiko and Nordestgaard, Børge G and Noto, Davide and Nsour, Mohannad Al and Nuhoğlu, Irfan and Nyirenda, Moffat and O'Neill, Terence W and Oh, Kyungwon and Ohtsuka, Ryutaro and Omar, Mohd Azahadi and Onat, Altan and Ong, Sok King and Onodugo, Obinna and Ordunez, Pedro and Ornelas, Rui and Ortiz, Pedro J and Osmond, Clive and Ostovar, Afshin and Otero, Johanna A and Ottendahl, Charlotte B and Otu, Akaninyene and Owusu-Dabo, Ellis and Pahomova, Elena and Palmieri, Luigi and Pan, Wen-Harn and Panagiotakos, Demosthenes and Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra and Pang, Zengchang and Panza, Francesco and Paoli, Mariela and Park, Suyeon and Parsaeian, Mahboubeh and Patalen, Chona F and Patel, Nikhil D and Pechlaner, Raimund and Pećin, Ivan and Pedro, João M and Peixoto, Sergio Viana and Peltonen, Markku and Pereira, Alexandre C and Pessôa dos Prazeres, Thaliane Mayara and Peykari, Niloofar and Phall, Modou Cheyassin and Pham, Son Thai and Pichardo, Rafael N and Pigeot, Iris and Pikhart, Hynek and Pilav, Aida and Piler, Pavel and Pitakaka, Freda and Piwonska, Aleksandra and Pizarro, Andreia N and Plans-Rubió, Pedro and Plata, Silvia and Popkin, Barry M and Porta, Miquel and Poudyal, Anil and Pourfarzi, Farhad and Pourshams, Akram and Poustchi, Hossein and Prabhakaran, Dorairaj and Pradeepa, Rajendra and Price, Alison J and Price, Jacqueline F and Providencia, Rui and Puder, Jardena J and Puhakka, Soile and Punab, Margus and Qiao, Qing and Qorbani, Mostafa and Quintana, Hedley K and Quoc Bao, Tran and Radisauskas, Ricardas and Rahimikazerooni, Salar and Raitakari, Olli and Ramachandran, Ambady and Ramirez-Zea, Manuel and Ramke, Jacqueline and Ramos, Elisabete and Ramos, Rafel and Rampal, Lekhraj and Rampal, Sanjay and Ramsay, Sheena E and Rangel Reina, Daniel A and Rannan-Eliya, Ravindra P and Rashidi, Mohammad-Mahdi and Redon, Josep and Renner, Jane DP and Reuter, Cézane P and Revilla, Luis and Rezaei, Negar and Rezaianzadeh, Abbas and Rho, Yeunsook and Rigo, Fernando and Riley, Leanne M and Risérus, Ulf and Roa, Reina G and Robinson, Louise and Rodríguez-Anderson, Wendy E and Rodríguez-Artalejo, Fernando and Rodriguez-Perez, María del Cristo and Rodríguez-Villamizar, Laura A and Rodríguez, Andrea Y and Roggenbuck, Ulla and Rohloff, Peter and Rojas-Martinez, Rosalba and Romeo, Elisabetta L and Rosengren, Annika and Roy, Joel GR and Rubinstein, Adolfo and Ruiz-Castell, Maria and Russo, Paola and Rust, Petra and Rutkowski, Marcin and Sabanayagam, Charumathi and Sabbaghi, Hamideh and Sachdev, Harshpal S and Sadjadi, Alireza and Safarpour, Ali Reza and Safi, Sare and Safiri, Saeid and Saghi, Mohammad Hossien and Saidi, Olfa and Sakata, Satoko and Saki, Nader and Šalaj, Sanja and Salanave, Benoit and Salonen, Jukka T and Salvetti, Massimo and Sánchez-Abanto, Jose and Santos, Diana A and Santos, Lèlita C and Santos, Maria Paula and Santos, Rute and Santos, Tamara R and Saramies, Jouko L and Sardinha, Luis B and Sarrafzadegan, Nizal and Sato, Yoko and Saum, Kai-Uwe and Savin, Stefan and Sawada, Norie and Sbaraini, Mariana and Scazufca, Marcia and Schaan, Beatriz D and Schargrodsky, Herman and Scheidt-Nave, Christa and Schipf, Sabine and Schmidt, Amand Floriaan and Schmidt, Börge and Schmidt, Carsten O and Schnohr, Peter and Schooling, Catherine Mary and Schöttker, Ben and Schramm, Sara and Sebert, Sylvain and Sedaghattalab, Moslem and Sein, Aye Aye and Sen, Abhijit and Sepanlou, Sadaf G and Servais, Jennifer and Sewpaul, Ronel and Shalnova, Svetlana and Shamshirgaran, Seyed Morteza and Shanthirani, Coimbatore Subramaniam and Sharafkhah, Maryam and Sharma, Sanjib K and Sharman, Almaz and Shayanrad, Amaneh and Shayesteh, Ali Akbar and Shibuya, Kenji and Shimizu-Furusawa, Hana and Shiri, Rahman and Shoranov, Marat and Shrestha, Namuna and Si-Ramlee, Khairil and Siani, Alfonso and Siedner, Mark J and Silva, Diego Augusto Santos and Sim, Xueling and Simon, Mary and Simons, Judith and Simons, Leon A and Sjöström, Michael and Slowikowska-Hilczer, Jolanta and Slusarczyk, Przemysław and Smeeth, Liam and Söderberg, Stefan and Soemantri, Agustinus and Solfrizzi, Vincenzo and Somi, Mohammad Hossein and Soumaré, Aïcha and Sousa-Poza, Alfonso and Sousa-Uva, Mafalda and Sparrenberger, Karen and Staessen, Jan A and Stang, Andreas and Stavreski, Bill and Steene-Johannessen, Jostein and Stehle, Peter and Stein, Aryeh D and Stessman, Jochanan and Stokwiszewski, Jakub and Stronks, Karien and Suarez-Ortegón, Milton F and Suebsamran, Phalakorn and Suka, Machi and Sun, Chien-An and Sun, Jianping and Sundström, Johan and Suriyawongpaisal, Paibul and Sylva, René Charles and Tai, E Shyong and Takuro, Furusawa and Tamosiunas, Abdonas and Tan, Eng Joo and Tanabayev, Baimakhan and Tandon, Nikhil and Tarawneh, Mohammed Rasoul and Tarqui-Mamani, Carolina B and Taylor, Anne and Tello, Tania and Tham, Yih Chung and Thankappan, KR and Theobald, Holger and Theodoridis, Xenophon and Thomas, Nihal and Thrift, Amanda G and Timmermans, Erik J and Tolonen, Hanna K and Tolstrup, Janne S and Tomaszewski, Maciej and Topbas, Murat and Tornaritis, Michael J and Torrent, Maties and Torres-Collado, Laura and Touloumi, Giota and Traissac, Pierre and Triantafyllou, Areti and Trinh, Oanh TH and Tsao, Yu-Hsiang and Tsiampalis, Thomas and Tsugane, Shoichiro and Tuitele, John and Tuliakova, Azaliia M and Tulloch-Reid, Marshall K and Tuomainen, Tomi-Pekka and Turley, Maria L and Tzala, Evangelia and Tzourio, Christophe and Ueda, Peter and Ugel, Eunice and Ukoli, Flora AM and Ulmer, Hanno and Uusitalo, Hannu MT and Valdivia, Gonzalo and Valvi, Damaskini and van Dam, Rob M and van den Born, Bert-Jan and Van der Heyden, Johan and Van Minh, Hoang and van Rossem, Lenie and Van Schoor, Natasja M and van Valkengoed, Irene GM and Vanderschueren, Dirk and Vanuzzo, Diego and Varbo, Anette and Vasan, Senthil K and Vega, Tomas and Veidebaum, Toomas and Velasquez-Melendez, Gustavo and Verdot, Charlotte and Veronesi, Giovanni and Verstraeten, Roosmarijn and Victora, Cesar G and Viet, Lucie and Villarroel, Luis and Vioque, Jesus and Virtanen, Jyrki K and Viswanathan, Bharathi and Vollenweider, Peter and Voutilainen, Ari and Vrijheid, Martine and Walton, Janette and Wan Bebakar, Wan Mohamad and Wan Mohamud, Wan Nazaimoon and Wang, Chongjian and Wang, Huijun and Wang, Ningli and Wang, Qian and Wang, Weiqing and Wang, Ya Xing and Wang, Yi-Ren and Wang, Ying-Wei and Wannamethee, S Goya and Webster-Kerr, Karen and Wedderkopp, Niels and Wei, Wenbin and Westbury, Leo D and Whincup, Peter H and Widhalm, Kurt and Widyahening, Indah S and Więcek, Andrzej and Wijemunige, Nilmini and Wilks, Rainford J and Willeit, Karin and Willeit, Peter and Wilsgaard, Tom and Wojtyniak, Bogdan and Wong-McClure, Roy A and Wong, Andrew and Wong, Emily B and Woodward, Mark and Wu, Chao-Chun and Wu, Frederick C and Xu, Haiquan and Xu, Liang and Xu, Yu and Yaacob, Nor Azwany and Yan, Li and Yan, Weili and Yasuharu, Tabara and Yeh, Chao-Yu and Yoosefi, Moein and Yoshihara, Akihiro and You, San-Lin and Yu, Yu-Ling and Yusoff, Ahmad Faudzi and Zainuddin, Ahmad A and Zamani, Farhad and Zambon, Sabina and Zampelas, Antonis and Zargar, Abdul Hamid and Zaw, Ko Ko and Zeljkovic Vrkic, Tajana and Zeng, Yi and Zhang, Bing and Zhang, Lei and Zhang, Luxia and Zhang, Zhen-Yu and Zhao, Ming-Hui and Zhao, Wenhua and Zholdin, Bekbolat and Zimmet, Paul and Zins, Marie and Zitt, Emanuel and Zoghlami, Nada and Zuñiga Cisneros, Julio and Ezzati, Majid and on behalf of the NCD Risk Ractor Collaboration (NCD-RisC), [ missing ]}},
  issn         = {{0140-6736}},
  journal      = {{LANCET}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{10467}},
  pages        = {{2077--2093}},
  title        = {{Worldwide trends in diabetes prevalence and treatment from 1990 to 2022 : a pooled analysis of 1108 population-representative studies with 141 million participants}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(24)02317-1}},
  volume       = {{404}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}

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