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Instrumental councillors? On the strategic interests that drive local councillors’ legitimacy perceptions of citizen participation

Nina De Smedt (UGent) , Tessa Haesevoets (UGent) , Kristof Steyvers (UGent) and Bram Wauters (UGent)
(2025) POLICY STUDIES. 46(6). p.895-917
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Abstract
Lately, municipalities in Western democracies have become increasingly more participatory. Local councillors have a fundamental role therein as they can either enable or block citizen participation. In that vein, their legitimacy perceptions towards different participatory arrangements seem key. This article analyses to what extent instrumental motivations steer these attitudes. Specifically, we distinguish between collective power (belonging to the governing majority or not) and individual influence (level of self-perceived political efficacy) as explanatory variables. Results based on a large-scale survey among local councillors in Flanders (Belgium) show that instrumental motivations indeed play a significant role: councillors with high levels of influence perceive traditional forms of decision-making (classic decision-making and consultative participation) as more legitimate. At the same time, majority councillors evaluate decisive forms of citizen participation as less legitimate than their colleagues in opposition. Additionally, feeling more powerful seems to be linked with an overall enthusiasm irrespective of participatory designs.
Keywords
Citizen participation, legitimacy, local councillors, strategic, interests, local democracy, participatory arrangements, DEMOCRACY, POLITICIANS, CONTEXT

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MLA
De Smedt, Nina, et al. “Instrumental Councillors? On the Strategic Interests That Drive Local Councillors’ Legitimacy Perceptions of Citizen Participation.” POLICY STUDIES, vol. 46, no. 6, 2025, pp. 895–917, doi:10.1080/01442872.2024.2384429.
APA
De Smedt, N., Haesevoets, T., Steyvers, K., & Wauters, B. (2025). Instrumental councillors? On the strategic interests that drive local councillors’ legitimacy perceptions of citizen participation. POLICY STUDIES, 46(6), 895–917. https://doi.org/10.1080/01442872.2024.2384429
Chicago author-date
De Smedt, Nina, Tessa Haesevoets, Kristof Steyvers, and Bram Wauters. 2025. “Instrumental Councillors? On the Strategic Interests That Drive Local Councillors’ Legitimacy Perceptions of Citizen Participation.” POLICY STUDIES 46 (6): 895–917. https://doi.org/10.1080/01442872.2024.2384429.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
De Smedt, Nina, Tessa Haesevoets, Kristof Steyvers, and Bram Wauters. 2025. “Instrumental Councillors? On the Strategic Interests That Drive Local Councillors’ Legitimacy Perceptions of Citizen Participation.” POLICY STUDIES 46 (6): 895–917. doi:10.1080/01442872.2024.2384429.
Vancouver
1.
De Smedt N, Haesevoets T, Steyvers K, Wauters B. Instrumental councillors? On the strategic interests that drive local councillors’ legitimacy perceptions of citizen participation. POLICY STUDIES. 2025;46(6):895–917.
IEEE
[1]
N. De Smedt, T. Haesevoets, K. Steyvers, and B. Wauters, “Instrumental councillors? On the strategic interests that drive local councillors’ legitimacy perceptions of citizen participation,” POLICY STUDIES, vol. 46, no. 6, pp. 895–917, 2025.
@article{01JBCB4KE2AAQPEEC9GWTS1TMT,
  abstract     = {{Lately, municipalities in Western democracies have become increasingly more participatory. Local councillors have a fundamental role therein as they can either enable or block citizen participation. In that vein, their legitimacy perceptions towards different participatory arrangements seem key. This article analyses to what extent instrumental motivations steer these attitudes. Specifically, we distinguish between collective power (belonging to the governing majority or not) and individual influence (level of self-perceived political efficacy) as explanatory variables. Results based on a large-scale survey among local councillors in Flanders (Belgium) show that instrumental motivations indeed play a significant role: councillors with high levels of influence perceive traditional forms of decision-making (classic decision-making and consultative participation) as more legitimate. At the same time, majority councillors evaluate decisive forms of citizen participation as less legitimate than their colleagues in opposition. Additionally, feeling more powerful seems to be linked with an overall enthusiasm irrespective of participatory designs.}},
  author       = {{De Smedt, Nina and Haesevoets, Tessa and Steyvers, Kristof and Wauters, Bram}},
  issn         = {{0144-2872}},
  journal      = {{POLICY STUDIES}},
  keywords     = {{Citizen participation,legitimacy,local councillors,strategic,interests,local democracy,participatory arrangements,DEMOCRACY,POLITICIANS,CONTEXT}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{6}},
  pages        = {{895--917}},
  title        = {{Instrumental councillors? On the strategic interests that drive local councillors’ legitimacy perceptions of citizen participation}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1080/01442872.2024.2384429}},
  volume       = {{46}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}
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