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First-hand design of a fractional order PID for controlling the depth of hypnosis during induction

Marcian Mihai, Isabela Roxana Birs (UGent) , Erwin Hegedus, Dana Copot (UGent) , Martine Neckebroek (UGent) , Robain De Keyser (UGent) , Clara Ionescu (UGent) and Cristina Muresan
(2024) IFAC PAPERSONLINE. 58(7). p.186-191
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Abstract
The integration of information technology and control engineering has significantly increased in the research field of clinical practice, including the management of medication dosing for general anesthesia. To achieve effective drug dosing, it is necessary to have appropriate controllers for closed loop control methods. A multitude of control mechanisms have been devised to manage hypnosis, with most of them based on pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) models. This study presents a novel structure of a fractional order PID controller tuned for inducing hypnosis. The tuning algorithm uses a novel fractional order model instead of the classical PK-PD models. The main goal is to control the Bispectral Index by delivering Propofol during the hypnotic stage of anesthesia. Closed loop simulation results show that the proposed controller manages to ensure little undershoot and time to target for a nominal patient model. Robustness tests are also performed. The analysis shows that the proposed controller is suitable to maintain BIS signal within a safe operating range but fails to meet the time to target requirement for significant patient variability (greater than 2 orders of magnitude). Online adaptation rules are suggested as a solution.
Keywords
drug dosing, anesthesia, closed loop control of anesthesia, fractional-order models for hypnosis, fractional order control

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MLA
Mihai, Marcian, et al. “First-Hand Design of a Fractional Order PID for Controlling the Depth of Hypnosis during Induction.” IFAC PAPERSONLINE, vol. 58, no. 7, ELSEVIER, 2024, pp. 186–91, doi:10.1016/j.ifacol.2024.08.032.
APA
Mihai, M., Birs, I. R., Hegedus, E., Copot, D., Neckebroek, M., De Keyser, R., … Muresan, C. (2024). First-hand design of a fractional order PID for controlling the depth of hypnosis during induction. IFAC PAPERSONLINE, 58(7), 186–191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2024.08.032
Chicago author-date
Mihai, Marcian, Isabela Roxana Birs, Erwin Hegedus, Dana Copot, Martine Neckebroek, Robain De Keyser, Clara Ionescu, and Cristina Muresan. 2024. “First-Hand Design of a Fractional Order PID for Controlling the Depth of Hypnosis during Induction.” In IFAC PAPERSONLINE, 58:186–91. ELSEVIER. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2024.08.032.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Mihai, Marcian, Isabela Roxana Birs, Erwin Hegedus, Dana Copot, Martine Neckebroek, Robain De Keyser, Clara Ionescu, and Cristina Muresan. 2024. “First-Hand Design of a Fractional Order PID for Controlling the Depth of Hypnosis during Induction.” In IFAC PAPERSONLINE, 58:186–191. ELSEVIER. doi:10.1016/j.ifacol.2024.08.032.
Vancouver
1.
Mihai M, Birs IR, Hegedus E, Copot D, Neckebroek M, De Keyser R, et al. First-hand design of a fractional order PID for controlling the depth of hypnosis during induction. In: IFAC PAPERSONLINE. ELSEVIER; 2024. p. 186–91.
IEEE
[1]
M. Mihai et al., “First-hand design of a fractional order PID for controlling the depth of hypnosis during induction,” in IFAC PAPERSONLINE, Almeria, SPAIN, 2024, vol. 58, no. 7, pp. 186–191.
@inproceedings{01JAFMYZAEP9BMQGT892CYXDF4,
  abstract     = {{The integration of information technology and control engineering has significantly increased in the research field of clinical practice, including the management of medication dosing for general anesthesia. To achieve effective drug dosing, it is necessary to have appropriate controllers for closed loop control methods. A multitude of control mechanisms have been devised to manage hypnosis, with most of them based on pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) models. This study presents a novel structure of a fractional order PID controller tuned for inducing hypnosis. The tuning algorithm uses a novel fractional order model instead of the classical PK-PD models. The main goal is to control the Bispectral Index by delivering Propofol during the hypnotic stage of anesthesia. Closed loop simulation results show that the proposed controller manages to ensure little undershoot and time to target for a nominal patient model. Robustness tests are also performed. The analysis shows that the proposed controller is suitable to maintain BIS signal within a safe operating range but fails to meet the time to target requirement for significant patient variability (greater than 2 orders of magnitude). Online adaptation rules are suggested as a solution.}},
  author       = {{Mihai, Marcian and Birs, Isabela Roxana and Hegedus, Erwin and Copot, Dana and Neckebroek, Martine and De Keyser, Robain and Ionescu, Clara and Muresan, Cristina}},
  booktitle    = {{IFAC PAPERSONLINE}},
  issn         = {{2405-8963}},
  keywords     = {{drug dosing,anesthesia,closed loop control of anesthesia,fractional-order models for hypnosis,fractional order control}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  location     = {{Almeria, SPAIN}},
  number       = {{7}},
  pages        = {{186--191}},
  publisher    = {{ELSEVIER}},
  title        = {{First-hand design of a fractional order PID for controlling the depth of hypnosis during induction}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2024.08.032}},
  volume       = {{58}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}
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