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Striking a balance : new perspectives on homeostatic dendritic cell maturation

(2025) NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY. 25(2). p.125-140
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Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are crucial gatekeepers of the balance between immunity and tolerance. They exist in two functional states, immature or mature, that refer to an information-sensing versus an information-transmitting state, respectively. Historically, the term DC maturation was used to describe the acquisition of immunostimulatory capacity by DCs following their triggering by pathogens or tissue damage signals. As such, immature DCs were proposed to mediate tolerance, whereas mature DCs were associated with the induction of protective T cell immunity. Later studies have challenged this view and unequivocally demonstrated that two distinct modes of DC maturation exist, homeostatic and immunogenic DC maturation, each with a distinct functional outcome. Therefore, the mere expression of maturation markers cannot be used to predict immunogenicity. How DCs become activated in homeostatic conditions and maintain tolerance remains an area of intense debate. Several recent studies have shed light on the signals driving the homeostatic maturation programme, especially in the conventional type 1 DC (cDC1) compartment. Here, we highlight our growing understanding of homeostatic DC maturation and the relevance of this process for immune tolerance.
Keywords
REGULATORY T-CELLS, NF-KAPPA-B, CROSS-PRESENTATION, APOPTOTIC CELLS, SELF-ANTIGENS, IMMUNE HOMEOSTASIS, TGF-BETA, IN-VITRO, CHOLESTEROL ACCUMULATION, TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS

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Citation

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MLA
Bosteels, Victor, and Sophie Janssens. “Striking a Balance : New Perspectives on Homeostatic Dendritic Cell Maturation.” NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY, vol. 25, no. 2, 2025, pp. 125–40, doi:10.1038/s41577-024-01079-5.
APA
Bosteels, V., & Janssens, S. (2025). Striking a balance : new perspectives on homeostatic dendritic cell maturation. NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY, 25(2), 125–140. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41577-024-01079-5
Chicago author-date
Bosteels, Victor, and Sophie Janssens. 2025. “Striking a Balance : New Perspectives on Homeostatic Dendritic Cell Maturation.” NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY 25 (2): 125–40. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41577-024-01079-5.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Bosteels, Victor, and Sophie Janssens. 2025. “Striking a Balance : New Perspectives on Homeostatic Dendritic Cell Maturation.” NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY 25 (2): 125–140. doi:10.1038/s41577-024-01079-5.
Vancouver
1.
Bosteels V, Janssens S. Striking a balance : new perspectives on homeostatic dendritic cell maturation. NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY. 2025;25(2):125–40.
IEEE
[1]
V. Bosteels and S. Janssens, “Striking a balance : new perspectives on homeostatic dendritic cell maturation,” NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 125–140, 2025.
@article{01J82H561MB7WTAM93VZRHTGJF,
  abstract     = {{Dendritic cells (DCs) are crucial gatekeepers of the balance between immunity and tolerance. They exist in two functional states, immature or mature, that refer to an information-sensing versus an information-transmitting state, respectively. Historically, the term DC maturation was used to describe the acquisition of immunostimulatory capacity by DCs following their triggering by pathogens or tissue damage signals. As such, immature DCs were proposed to mediate tolerance, whereas mature DCs were associated with the induction of protective T cell immunity. Later studies have challenged this view and unequivocally demonstrated that two distinct modes of DC maturation exist, homeostatic and immunogenic DC maturation, each with a distinct functional outcome. Therefore, the mere expression of maturation markers cannot be used to predict immunogenicity. How DCs become activated in homeostatic conditions and maintain tolerance remains an area of intense debate. Several recent studies have shed light on the signals driving the homeostatic maturation programme, especially in the conventional type 1 DC (cDC1) compartment. Here, we highlight our growing understanding of homeostatic DC maturation and the relevance of this process for immune tolerance.}},
  author       = {{Bosteels, Victor and Janssens, Sophie}},
  issn         = {{1474-1733}},
  journal      = {{NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY}},
  keywords     = {{REGULATORY T-CELLS,NF-KAPPA-B,CROSS-PRESENTATION,APOPTOTIC CELLS,SELF-ANTIGENS,IMMUNE HOMEOSTASIS,TGF-BETA,IN-VITRO,CHOLESTEROL ACCUMULATION,TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{2}},
  pages        = {{125--140}},
  title        = {{Striking a balance : new perspectives on homeostatic dendritic cell maturation}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1038/s41577-024-01079-5}},
  volume       = {{25}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}

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