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Sliding surface based schemes for the Tokamak a configuration variable

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Abstract
Fusion power may be seen as the energy of the future in the sense that it composes a potentially clean, cheap and unlimited power source that would reduce the worldwide dependency on non-renewable energies. Nevertheless, while nowadays the fusion reaction process itself has been achieved, significant net power has not yet been obtained, since the generated plasma needs to remain in particular pressure and temperature conditions. For this purpose, the plasma has to be confined. To do so, one of the solutions is to use a fusion reactor device that creates magnetic fields in a toroidal chamber, called Tokamak reactor. The main issue of Tokamak reactors is the presence of plasma instabilities, which provoke the fusion reaction decay and, in consequence, a reduction in the pulse duration. To maintain this pulse duration as long as possible, the use of robust and fast controllers is mandatory due to the unpredictability and the small time constant of the plasma behavior. In this context, this article focuses on improving the controllability of the plasma current, a relevant control variable, crucial during the plasma heating and confinement processes. In particular, two new robust control schemes based on sliding surfaces, namely, a Sliding Mode Controller (SMC) and a Supertwisting Controller (STC) are presented and applied to the plasma current control problem. In order to test the validity and goodness of the proposed controllers, their behavior is compared to that of the traditional PID schemes applied in these systems, using the RZIp model for the TCV (Tokamak a Configuration Variable) reactor. The obtained results are very promising, leading to consider these controllers as strong candidates to improve the performance of the PID-based controllers usually employed in this kind of systems.
Keywords
TCV, tokamak, plasma, current, sliding mode, supertwisting, PID

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MLA
Marco, Aitor, et al. “Sliding Surface Based Schemes for the Tokamak a Configuration Variable.” 2018 WORLD AUTOMATION CONGRESS (WAC), IEEE, 2018, pp. 253–58, doi:10.23919/WAC.2018.8430383.
APA
Marco, A., Garrido, I., Garrido, A. J., Coda, S., Coda, S., Ahn, J., … Team, T. (2018). Sliding surface based schemes for the Tokamak a configuration variable. 2018 WORLD AUTOMATION CONGRESS (WAC), 253–258. https://doi.org/10.23919/WAC.2018.8430383
Chicago author-date
Marco, Aitor, Izaskun Garrido, Aitor J. Garrido, Stefano Coda, S. Coda, J. Ahn, R. Albanese, et al. 2018. “Sliding Surface Based Schemes for the Tokamak a Configuration Variable.” In 2018 WORLD AUTOMATION CONGRESS (WAC), 253–58. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.23919/WAC.2018.8430383.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Marco, Aitor, Izaskun Garrido, Aitor J. Garrido, Stefano Coda, S. Coda, J. Ahn, R. Albanese, S. Alberti, E. Alessi, S. Allan, H. Anand, G. Anastassiou, Y. Andrebe, C. Angioni, M. Ariola, M. Bernert, M. Beurskens, W. Bin, P. Blanchard, T. C. Blanken, J. A. Boedo, T. Bolzonella, F. Bouquey, F. H. Braunmueller, H. Bufferand, P. Buratti, G. Calabro, Y. Camenen, D. Carnevale, F. Carpanese, F. Causa, R. Cesario, I. T. Chapman, O. Chellai, D. Choi, C. Cianfarani, G. Ciraolo, J. Citrin, S. Costea, F. Crisanti, N. Cruz, A. Czarnecka, J. Decker, G. De Masi, G. De Tommasi, D. Douai, M. Dunne, B. P. Duval, T. Eich, S. Elmore, B. Esposito, M. Faitsch, A. Fasoli, N. Fedorczak, F. Felici, O. Fevrier, O. Ficker, S. Fietz, M. Fontana, L. Frassinetti, I Furno, S. Galeani, A. Gallo, C. Galperti, S. Garavaglia, I Garrido, B. Geiger, E. Giovannozzi, M. Gobbin, T. P. Goodman, G. Gorini, M. Gospodarczyk, G. Granucci, J. P. Graves, R. Guirlet, A. Hakola, C. Ham, J. Harrison, J. Hawke, P. Hennequin, B. Hnat, D. Hogeweij, J-Ph Hogge, C. Honore, C. Hopf, J. Horacek, Z. Huang, V Igochine, P. Innocente, C. Ionita Schrittwieser, H. Isliker, R. Jacquier, A. Jardine, J. Kamleitner, A. Karpushov, D. L. Keeling, N. Kirneva, M. Kong, M. Koubiti, J. Kovacic, A. Kraemer-Flecken, N. Krawczyk, O. Kudlacek, B. Labit, E. Lazzaro, H. B. Le, B. Lipschultz, X. Llobet, B. Lomanowski, V. P. Loschiavo, T. Lunt, P. Maget, E. Maljaars, A. Malygin, M. Maraschek, C. Marini, P. Martin, Y. Martin, S. Mastrostefano, R. Maurizio, M. Mavridis, D. Mazon, R. McAdams, R. McDermott, A. Merle, H. Meyer, F. Militello, I. G. Miron, P. A. Molina Cabrera, J-M Moret, A. Moro, D. Moulton, V Naulin, F. Nespoli, A. H. Nielsen, M. Nocente, R. Nouailletas, S. Nowak, T. Odstrcil, G. Papp, R. Paprok, A. Pau, G. Pautasso, V. Pericoli Ridolfini, P. Piovesan, C. Piron, T. Pisokas, L. Porte, M. Preynas, G. Ramogida, C. Rapson, J. Juul Rasmussen, M. Reich, H. Reimerdes, C. Reux, P. Ricci, D. Rittich, F. Riva, T. Robinson, S. Saarelma, F. Saint-Laurent, O. Sauter, R. Scannell, Ch Schlatter, B. Schneider, P. Schneider, R. Schrittwieser, F. Sciortino, M. Sertoli, U. Sheikh, B. Sieglin, M. Silva, J. Sinha, C. Sozzi, M. Spolaore, T. Stange, T. Stoltzfus-Dueck, P. Tamain, A. Teplukhina, D. Testa, C. Theiler, A. Thornton, L. Tophoj, M. Q. Tran, C. Tsironis, C. Tsui, A. Uccello, S. Vartanian, Geert Verdoolaege, K. Verhaegh, L. Vermare, N. Vianello, W. A. J. Vijvers, L. Vlahos, N. M. T. Vu, N. Walkden, T. Wauters, H. Weisen, M. Wischmeier, P. Zestanakis, M. Zuin, and TCV Team. 2018. “Sliding Surface Based Schemes for the Tokamak a Configuration Variable.” In 2018 WORLD AUTOMATION CONGRESS (WAC), 253–258. IEEE. doi:10.23919/WAC.2018.8430383.
Vancouver
1.
Marco A, Garrido I, Garrido AJ, Coda S, Coda S, Ahn J, et al. Sliding surface based schemes for the Tokamak a configuration variable. In: 2018 WORLD AUTOMATION CONGRESS (WAC). IEEE; 2018. p. 253–8.
IEEE
[1]
A. Marco et al., “Sliding surface based schemes for the Tokamak a configuration variable,” in 2018 WORLD AUTOMATION CONGRESS (WAC), Stevenson, WA, 2018, pp. 253–258.
@inproceedings{01J6EW2JE1QX1SDA8ZGJCK50YZ,
  abstract     = {{Fusion power may be seen as the energy of the future in the sense that it composes a potentially clean, cheap and unlimited power source that would reduce the worldwide dependency on non-renewable energies. Nevertheless, while nowadays the fusion reaction process itself has been achieved, significant net power has not yet been obtained, since the generated plasma needs to remain in particular pressure and temperature conditions. For this purpose, the plasma has to be confined. To do so, one of the solutions is to use a fusion reactor device that creates magnetic fields in a toroidal chamber, called Tokamak reactor. The main issue of Tokamak reactors is the presence of plasma instabilities, which provoke the fusion reaction decay and, in consequence, a reduction in the pulse duration. To maintain this pulse duration as long as possible, the use of robust and fast controllers is mandatory due to the unpredictability and the small time constant of the plasma behavior. In this context, this article focuses on improving the controllability of the plasma current, a relevant control variable, crucial during the plasma heating and confinement processes. In particular, two new robust control schemes based on sliding surfaces, namely, a Sliding Mode Controller (SMC) and a Supertwisting Controller (STC) are presented and applied to the plasma current control problem. In order to test the validity and goodness of the proposed controllers, their behavior is compared to that of the traditional PID schemes applied in these systems, using the RZIp model for the TCV (Tokamak a Configuration Variable) reactor. The obtained results are very promising, leading to consider these controllers as strong candidates to improve the performance of the PID-based controllers usually employed in this kind of systems.}},
  author       = {{Marco, Aitor and  Garrido, Izaskun and  Garrido, Aitor J. and Coda, Stefano and Coda, S. and  Ahn, J. and  Albanese, R. and  Alberti, S. and  Alessi, E. and  Allan, S. and  Anand, H. and  Anastassiou, G. and  Andrebe, Y. and  Angioni, C. and  Ariola, M. and  Bernert, M. and  Beurskens, M. and  Bin, W. and  Blanchard, P. and  Blanken, T. C. and  Boedo, J. A. and  Bolzonella, T. and  Bouquey, F. and  Braunmueller, F. H. and  Bufferand, H. and  Buratti, P. and  Calabro, G. and  Camenen, Y. and  Carnevale, D. and  Carpanese, F. and  Causa, F. and  Cesario, R. and  Chapman, I. T. and  Chellai, O. and  Choi, D. and  Cianfarani, C. and  Ciraolo, G. and  Citrin, J. and  Costea, S. and  Crisanti, F. and  Cruz, N. and  Czarnecka, A. and  Decker, J. and  De Masi, G. and  De Tommasi, G. and  Douai, D. and  Dunne, M. and  Duval, B. P. and  Eich, T. and  Elmore, S. and  Esposito, B. and  Faitsch, M. and  Fasoli, A. and  Fedorczak, N. and  Felici, F. and  Fevrier, O. and  Ficker, O. and  Fietz, S. and  Fontana, M. and  Frassinetti, L. and  Furno, I and  Galeani, S. and  Gallo, A. and  Galperti, C. and  Garavaglia, S. and  Garrido, I and  Geiger, B. and  Giovannozzi, E. and  Gobbin, M. and  Goodman, T. P. and  Gorini, G. and  Gospodarczyk, M. and  Granucci, G. and  Graves, J. P. and  Guirlet, R. and  Hakola, A. and  Ham, C. and  Harrison, J. and  Hawke, J. and  Hennequin, P. and  Hnat, B. and  Hogeweij, D. and  Hogge, J-Ph and  Honore, C. and  Hopf, C. and  Horacek, J. and  Huang, Z. and  Igochine, V and  Innocente, P. and  Schrittwieser, C. Ionita and  Isliker, H. and  Jacquier, R. and  Jardine, A. and  Kamleitner, J. and  Karpushov, A. and  Keeling, D. L. and  Kirneva, N. and  Kong, M. and  Koubiti, M. and  Kovacic, J. and  Kraemer-Flecken, A. and  Krawczyk, N. and  Kudlacek, O. and  Labit, B. and  Lazzaro, E. and  Le, H. B. and  Lipschultz, B. and  Llobet, X. and  Lomanowski, B. and  Loschiavo, V. P. and  Lunt, T. and  Maget, P. and  Maljaars, E. and  Malygin, A. and  Maraschek, M. and  Marini, C. and  Martin, P. and  Martin, Y. and  Mastrostefano, S. and  Maurizio, R. and  Mavridis, M. and  Mazon, D. and  McAdams, R. and  McDermott, R. and  Merle, A. and  Meyer, H. and  Militello, F. and  Miron, I. G. and  Cabrera, P. A. Molina and  Moret, J-M and  Moro, A. and  Moulton, D. and  Naulin, V and  Nespoli, F. and  Nielsen, A. H. and  Nocente, M. and  Nouailletas, R. and  Nowak, S. and  Odstrcil, T. and  Papp, G. and  Paprok, R. and  Pau, A. and  Pautasso, G. and  Ridolfini, V. Pericoli and  Piovesan, P. and  Piron, C. and  Pisokas, T. and  Porte, L. and  Preynas, M. and  Ramogida, G. and  Rapson, C. and  Rasmussen, J. Juul and  Reich, M. and  Reimerdes, H. and  Reux, C. and  Ricci, P. and  Rittich, D. and  Riva, F. and  Robinson, T. and  Saarelma, S. and  Saint-Laurent, F. and  Sauter, O. and  Scannell, R. and  Schlatter, Ch and  Schneider, B. and  Schneider, P. and  Schrittwieser, R. and  Sciortino, F. and  Sertoli, M. and  Sheikh, U. and  Sieglin, B. and  Silva, M. and  Sinha, J. and  Sozzi, C. and  Spolaore, M. and  Stange, T. and  Stoltzfus-Dueck, T. and  Tamain, P. and  Teplukhina, A. and  Testa, D. and  Theiler, C. and  Thornton, A. and  Tophoj, L. and  Tran, M. Q. and  Tsironis, C. and  Tsui, C. and  Uccello, A. and  Vartanian, S. and Verdoolaege, Geert and  Verhaegh, K. and  Vermare, L. and  Vianello, N. and  Vijvers, W. A. J. and  Vlahos, L. and  Vu, N. M. T. and  Walkden, N. and  Wauters, T. and  Weisen, H. and  Wischmeier, M. and  Zestanakis, P. and  Zuin, M. and Team, TCV}},
  booktitle    = {{2018 WORLD AUTOMATION CONGRESS (WAC)}},
  isbn         = {{9781532377914}},
  issn         = {{2154-4824}},
  keywords     = {{TCV,tokamak,plasma,current,sliding mode,supertwisting,PID}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  location     = {{Stevenson, WA}},
  pages        = {{253--258}},
  publisher    = {{IEEE}},
  title        = {{Sliding surface based schemes for the Tokamak a configuration variable}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.23919/WAC.2018.8430383}},
  year         = {{2018}},
}

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