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Follow-up of SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels in Belgian nursing home residents and staff two, four and six months after primary course BNT162b2 vaccination

Eline Meyers (UGent) , Liselore De Rop, Fien Engels, Claudia Gioveni (UGent) , Anja Coen (UGent) , Tine De Burghgraeve, Marina Digregorio, Pauline Van Ngoc, Nele De Clercq (UGent) , Laëtitia Buret, et al.
(2024) VACCINES. 12(8).
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Abstract
When COVID-19 vaccines were implemented, nursing home residents (NHRs) and staff (NHS) in Belgium were prioritized for vaccination. To characterize the vaccine response over time in this population and to identify poorly responding groups, we assessed antibody concentrations two (T1), four (T2) and six months (T3) after primary course BNT162b2 vaccination in six groups of infection-naive/infection-primed NHRs/NHS, with/without comorbidity (NHRs only). Participant groups (N = 125 per group) were defined within a national serosurveillance study in nursing homes, based on questionnaire data. Dried blood spots were analyzed using ELISA for the quantification of SARS-CoV-2 S1RBD IgG antibodies. Among all groups, antibody concentrations significantly decreased between T1 and T2/T3, all with a ≥70% decrease at T3, except for infection-primed staff (−32%). Antibody concentrations among infection-naive NHRs were 11.96 times lower than those among infection-primed NHR, while the latter were comparable (x1.05) to infection-primed NHS. The largest proportion [13% (95% CI: 11–24%)] of vaccine non-responders was observed in the group of infection-naive NHRs with comorbidities. A longer interval between infection and vaccination (≥3 months) elicited higher antibody responses. Our data retrospectively show the necessity of timely COVID-19 booster vaccination. Infection-naive NHRs require special attention regarding immune monitoring in future epidemics or pandemics.
Keywords
SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, nursing home residents, nursing home staff, COVID-19 vaccination, T-CELL, HYPERTENSION

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MLA
Meyers, Eline, et al. “Follow-up of SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Levels in Belgian Nursing Home Residents and Staff Two, Four and Six Months after Primary Course BNT162b2 Vaccination.” VACCINES, vol. 12, no. 8, 2024, doi:10.3390/vaccines12080951.
APA
Meyers, E., De Rop, L., Engels, F., Gioveni, C., Coen, A., De Burghgraeve, T., … Cools, P. (2024). Follow-up of SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels in Belgian nursing home residents and staff two, four and six months after primary course BNT162b2 vaccination. VACCINES, 12(8). https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12080951
Chicago author-date
Meyers, Eline, Liselore De Rop, Fien Engels, Claudia Gioveni, Anja Coen, Tine De Burghgraeve, Marina Digregorio, et al. 2024. “Follow-up of SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Levels in Belgian Nursing Home Residents and Staff Two, Four and Six Months after Primary Course BNT162b2 Vaccination.” VACCINES 12 (8). https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12080951.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Meyers, Eline, Liselore De Rop, Fien Engels, Claudia Gioveni, Anja Coen, Tine De Burghgraeve, Marina Digregorio, Pauline Van Ngoc, Nele De Clercq, Laëtitia Buret, Samuel Coenen, Ellen Deschepper, Elizaveta Padalko, Steven Callens, Els Duysburgh, An De Sutter, Beatrice Scholtes, Jan Verbakel, Stefan Heytens, and Piet Cools. 2024. “Follow-up of SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Levels in Belgian Nursing Home Residents and Staff Two, Four and Six Months after Primary Course BNT162b2 Vaccination.” VACCINES 12 (8). doi:10.3390/vaccines12080951.
Vancouver
1.
Meyers E, De Rop L, Engels F, Gioveni C, Coen A, De Burghgraeve T, et al. Follow-up of SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels in Belgian nursing home residents and staff two, four and six months after primary course BNT162b2 vaccination. VACCINES. 2024;12(8).
IEEE
[1]
E. Meyers et al., “Follow-up of SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels in Belgian nursing home residents and staff two, four and six months after primary course BNT162b2 vaccination,” VACCINES, vol. 12, no. 8, 2024.
@article{01J60H61Y22082NJ51ASAQZ08X,
  abstract     = {{When COVID-19 vaccines were implemented, nursing home residents (NHRs) and staff (NHS) in Belgium were prioritized for vaccination. To characterize the vaccine response over time in this population and to identify poorly responding groups, we assessed antibody concentrations two (T1), four (T2) and six months (T3) after primary course BNT162b2 vaccination in six groups of infection-naive/infection-primed NHRs/NHS, with/without comorbidity (NHRs only). Participant groups (N = 125 per group) were defined within a national serosurveillance study in nursing homes, based on questionnaire data. Dried blood spots were analyzed using ELISA for the quantification of SARS-CoV-2 S1RBD IgG antibodies. Among all groups, antibody concentrations significantly decreased between T1 and T2/T3, all with a ≥70% decrease at T3, except for infection-primed staff (−32%). Antibody concentrations among infection-naive NHRs were 11.96 times lower than those among infection-primed NHR, while the latter were comparable (x1.05) to infection-primed NHS. The largest proportion [13% (95% CI: 11–24%)] of vaccine non-responders was observed in the group of infection-naive NHRs with comorbidities. A longer interval between infection and vaccination (≥3 months) elicited higher antibody responses. Our data retrospectively show the necessity of timely COVID-19 booster vaccination. Infection-naive NHRs require special attention regarding immune monitoring in future epidemics or pandemics.}},
  articleno    = {{951}},
  author       = {{Meyers, Eline and De Rop, Liselore and Engels, Fien and Gioveni, Claudia and Coen, Anja and De Burghgraeve, Tine and Digregorio, Marina and Van Ngoc, Pauline and De Clercq, Nele and Buret, Laëtitia and Coenen, Samuel and Deschepper, Ellen and Padalko, Elizaveta and Callens, Steven and Duysburgh, Els and De Sutter, An and Scholtes, Beatrice and Verbakel, Jan and Heytens, Stefan and Cools, Piet}},
  issn         = {{2076-393X}},
  journal      = {{VACCINES}},
  keywords     = {{SARS-CoV-2 antibodies,nursing home residents,nursing home staff,COVID-19 vaccination,T-CELL,HYPERTENSION}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{8}},
  pages        = {{15}},
  title        = {{Follow-up of SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels in Belgian nursing home residents and staff two, four and six months after primary course BNT162b2 vaccination}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12080951}},
  volume       = {{12}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}
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