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Cognitive flexibility and resilience measured through a residual approach

Lies Notebaert, Patrick J. F. Clarke, Frances Meeten, Jemma Todd and Bram Van Bockstaele (UGent)
(2024) ANXIETY STRESS AND COPING.
Author
Organization
Abstract
Background and ObjectivesResilience refers to the process through which individuals show better outcomes than what would be expected based on the adversity they experienced. Several theories have proposed that variation in resilience is underpinned by cognitive flexibility, however, no study has investigated this using an outcome-based measure of resilience.DesignWe used a residual-based approach to index resilience, which regresses a measure of mental health difficulties onto a measure of adversity experienced. The residuals obtained from this regression constitute how much better or worse someone is functioning relative to what is predicted by the adversity they have experienced.MethodsA total of 463 undergraduate participants completed questionnaires of mental health difficulties and adversity, as well as a number-letter task-switching task to assess cognitive flexibility.ResultsMultiple regression analyses showed that better cognitive flexibility was not associated with greater resilience.ConclusionsOur findings do not support theoretical models that propose the existence of a relationship between cognitive flexibility and resilience. Future research may serve to refine the residual-based approach to measure resilience, as well as investigate the contribution of "hot" rather than "cold" cognitive flexibility to individual differences in resilience.
Keywords
Resilience, Cognitive flexibility, Process, Adversity, Traumatic events, STRESS SCALES DASS, EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONS, POSITIVE EMOTIONS, ANXIETY, DEPRESSION, TRAUMA, SAMPLE, INDEPENDENCE, TRANSITION, ADULTS

Citation

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MLA
Notebaert, Lies, et al. “Cognitive Flexibility and Resilience Measured through a Residual Approach.” ANXIETY STRESS AND COPING, 2024, doi:10.1080/10615806.2024.2353654.
APA
Notebaert, L., Clarke, P. J. F., Meeten, F., Todd, J., & Van Bockstaele, B. (2024). Cognitive flexibility and resilience measured through a residual approach. ANXIETY STRESS AND COPING. https://doi.org/10.1080/10615806.2024.2353654
Chicago author-date
Notebaert, Lies, Patrick J. F. Clarke, Frances Meeten, Jemma Todd, and Bram Van Bockstaele. 2024. “Cognitive Flexibility and Resilience Measured through a Residual Approach.” ANXIETY STRESS AND COPING. https://doi.org/10.1080/10615806.2024.2353654.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Notebaert, Lies, Patrick J. F. Clarke, Frances Meeten, Jemma Todd, and Bram Van Bockstaele. 2024. “Cognitive Flexibility and Resilience Measured through a Residual Approach.” ANXIETY STRESS AND COPING. doi:10.1080/10615806.2024.2353654.
Vancouver
1.
Notebaert L, Clarke PJF, Meeten F, Todd J, Van Bockstaele B. Cognitive flexibility and resilience measured through a residual approach. ANXIETY STRESS AND COPING. 2024;
IEEE
[1]
L. Notebaert, P. J. F. Clarke, F. Meeten, J. Todd, and B. Van Bockstaele, “Cognitive flexibility and resilience measured through a residual approach,” ANXIETY STRESS AND COPING, 2024.
@article{01J5NE4ZCCTE2JCJRVT0GPCDG6,
  abstract     = {{Background and ObjectivesResilience refers to the process through which individuals show better outcomes than what would be expected based on the adversity they experienced. Several theories have proposed that variation in resilience is underpinned by cognitive flexibility, however, no study has investigated this using an outcome-based measure of resilience.DesignWe used a residual-based approach to index resilience, which regresses a measure of mental health difficulties onto a measure of adversity experienced. The residuals obtained from this regression constitute how much better or worse someone is functioning relative to what is predicted by the adversity they have experienced.MethodsA total of 463 undergraduate participants completed questionnaires of mental health difficulties and adversity, as well as a number-letter task-switching task to assess cognitive flexibility.ResultsMultiple regression analyses showed that better cognitive flexibility was not associated with greater resilience.ConclusionsOur findings do not support theoretical models that propose the existence of a relationship between cognitive flexibility and resilience. Future research may serve to refine the residual-based approach to measure resilience, as well as investigate the contribution of "hot" rather than "cold" cognitive flexibility to individual differences in resilience.}},
  author       = {{Notebaert, Lies and  Clarke, Patrick J. F. and  Meeten, Frances and  Todd, Jemma and Van Bockstaele, Bram}},
  issn         = {{1061-5806}},
  journal      = {{ANXIETY STRESS AND COPING}},
  keywords     = {{Resilience,Cognitive flexibility,Process,Adversity,Traumatic events,STRESS SCALES DASS,EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONS,POSITIVE EMOTIONS,ANXIETY,DEPRESSION,TRAUMA,SAMPLE,INDEPENDENCE,TRANSITION,ADULTS}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  pages        = {{15}},
  title        = {{Cognitive flexibility and resilience measured through a residual approach}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1080/10615806.2024.2353654}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}
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