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Clinical validation of carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity measurement using a multi-beam laser vibrometer : the CARDIS study

Smriti Badhwar, Louise Marais, Hakim Khettab, Federica Poli, Yanlu Li (UGent) , Patrick Segers (UGent) , Soren Aasmul, Mirko de Melis, Roel Baets (UGent) , Steve Greenwald, et al.
(2024) HYPERTENSION. 81(9). p.1986-1995
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Abstract
BACKGROUND:Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) is the gold standard for noninvasive arterial stiffness assessment, an independent predictor of cardiovascular disease, and a potential parameter to guide therapy. However, cfPWV is not routinely measured in clinical practice due to the unavailability of a low-cost, operator-friendly, and independent device. The current study validated a novel laser Doppler vibrometry (LDV)-based measurement of cfPWV against the reference technique. METHODS:In 100 (50 men) hypertensive patients, cfPWV was measured using applanation tonometry (Sphygmocor) and the novel LDV device. This device has 2 handpieces with 6 laser beams each that simultaneously measure vibrations from the skin surface at carotid and femoral sites. Pulse wave velocity is calculated using ECG for the identification of cardiac cycles. An ECG-independent method was also devised. Cardiovascular risk score was calculated for patients between 40 and 75 years old using the WHO risk scoring chart. RESULTS:LDV-based cfPWV correlated significantly with tonometry (r=0.86, P<0.0001 ECG-dependent [cfPWVLDV_ECG] and r=0.80, P<0.001 ECG-independent [cfPWVLDV_w/oECG] methods). Bland-Altman analysis showed nonsignificant bias (0.65 m/s) and acceptable SD (1.27 m/s) between methods. Intraobserver coefficient of variance for LDV was 4.7% (95% CI, 3.0%-5.5%), and interobserver coefficient of variance was 5.87%. CfPWV correlated significantly with CVD risk (r=0.64, P<0.001; r=0.41, P=0.003; and r=0.37, P=0.006 for tonometry, LDV-with, and LDV-without ECG, respectively). CONCLUSIONS:The study demonstrates clinical validity of the LDV device. The LDV provides a simple, noninvasive, operator-independent method to measure cfPWV for assessing arterial stiffness, comparable to the standard existing techniques.
Keywords
cardiovascular diseases, carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, optics and photonics, risk factors, vascular stiffness, CARDIOVASCULAR RISK-FACTORS, ARTERIAL STIFFNESS, AORTIC STIFFNESS, DOPPLER VIBROMETER, REPRODUCIBILITY, MECHANISMS

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MLA
Badhwar, Smriti, et al. “Clinical Validation of Carotid-Femoral Pulse Wave Velocity Measurement Using a Multi-Beam Laser Vibrometer : The CARDIS Study.” HYPERTENSION, vol. 81, no. 9, 2024, pp. 1986–95, doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.124.22729.
APA
Badhwar, S., Marais, L., Khettab, H., Poli, F., Li, Y., Segers, P., … Boutouyrie, P. (2024). Clinical validation of carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity measurement using a multi-beam laser vibrometer : the CARDIS study. HYPERTENSION, 81(9), 1986–1995. https://doi.org/10.1161/hypertensionaha.124.22729
Chicago author-date
Badhwar, Smriti, Louise Marais, Hakim Khettab, Federica Poli, Yanlu Li, Patrick Segers, Soren Aasmul, et al. 2024. “Clinical Validation of Carotid-Femoral Pulse Wave Velocity Measurement Using a Multi-Beam Laser Vibrometer : The CARDIS Study.” HYPERTENSION 81 (9): 1986–95. https://doi.org/10.1161/hypertensionaha.124.22729.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Badhwar, Smriti, Louise Marais, Hakim Khettab, Federica Poli, Yanlu Li, Patrick Segers, Soren Aasmul, Mirko de Melis, Roel Baets, Steve Greenwald, Rosa-Maria Bruno, and Pierre Boutouyrie. 2024. “Clinical Validation of Carotid-Femoral Pulse Wave Velocity Measurement Using a Multi-Beam Laser Vibrometer : The CARDIS Study.” HYPERTENSION 81 (9): 1986–1995. doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.124.22729.
Vancouver
1.
Badhwar S, Marais L, Khettab H, Poli F, Li Y, Segers P, et al. Clinical validation of carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity measurement using a multi-beam laser vibrometer : the CARDIS study. HYPERTENSION. 2024;81(9):1986–95.
IEEE
[1]
S. Badhwar et al., “Clinical validation of carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity measurement using a multi-beam laser vibrometer : the CARDIS study,” HYPERTENSION, vol. 81, no. 9, pp. 1986–1995, 2024.
@article{01J3JC11D48WD25M6KMVDEQ9S2,
  abstract     = {{BACKGROUND:Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) is the gold standard for noninvasive arterial stiffness assessment, an independent predictor of cardiovascular disease, and a potential parameter to guide therapy. However, cfPWV is not routinely measured in clinical practice due to the unavailability of a low-cost, operator-friendly, and independent device. The current study validated a novel laser Doppler vibrometry (LDV)-based measurement of cfPWV against the reference technique. METHODS:In 100 (50 men) hypertensive patients, cfPWV was measured using applanation tonometry (Sphygmocor) and the novel LDV device. This device has 2 handpieces with 6 laser beams each that simultaneously measure vibrations from the skin surface at carotid and femoral sites. Pulse wave velocity is calculated using ECG for the identification of cardiac cycles. An ECG-independent method was also devised. Cardiovascular risk score was calculated for patients between 40 and 75 years old using the WHO risk scoring chart. RESULTS:LDV-based cfPWV correlated significantly with tonometry (r=0.86, P<0.0001 ECG-dependent [cfPWVLDV_ECG] and r=0.80, P<0.001 ECG-independent [cfPWVLDV_w/oECG] methods). Bland-Altman analysis showed nonsignificant bias (0.65 m/s) and acceptable SD (1.27 m/s) between methods. Intraobserver coefficient of variance for LDV was 4.7% (95% CI, 3.0%-5.5%), and interobserver coefficient of variance was 5.87%. CfPWV correlated significantly with CVD risk (r=0.64, P<0.001; r=0.41, P=0.003; and r=0.37, P=0.006 for tonometry, LDV-with, and LDV-without ECG, respectively). CONCLUSIONS:The study demonstrates clinical validity of the LDV device. The LDV provides a simple, noninvasive, operator-independent method to measure cfPWV for assessing arterial stiffness, comparable to the standard existing techniques.}},
  author       = {{Badhwar, Smriti and Marais, Louise and Khettab, Hakim and Poli, Federica and Li, Yanlu and Segers, Patrick and Aasmul, Soren and de Melis, Mirko and Baets, Roel and Greenwald, Steve and Bruno, Rosa-Maria and Boutouyrie, Pierre}},
  issn         = {{0194-911X}},
  journal      = {{HYPERTENSION}},
  keywords     = {{cardiovascular diseases,carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity,optics and photonics,risk factors,vascular stiffness,CARDIOVASCULAR RISK-FACTORS,ARTERIAL STIFFNESS,AORTIC STIFFNESS,DOPPLER VIBROMETER,REPRODUCIBILITY,MECHANISMS}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{9}},
  pages        = {{1986--1995}},
  title        = {{Clinical validation of carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity measurement using a multi-beam laser vibrometer : the CARDIS study}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1161/hypertensionaha.124.22729}},
  volume       = {{81}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}
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