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Low-loss silicon directional coupler with arbitrary coupling ratios for broadband wavelength operation based on bent waveguides

Ahmed Bayoumi (UGent) , Alaa Walid Ahmed Elshazly (UGent) , Hakim Kobbi, Rafal Magdziak, Guy Lepage, Chiara Marchese, Javad Rahimi Vaskasi, Swetanshu Bipul, Dieter Bode, Marko Ersek Filipcic, et al.
(2024) JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY. 42(17). p.6011-6018
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Abstract
We demonstrate a design for a high-performance 2x2 splitter meeting the essential requirements of broadband coupling, support for arbitrary coupling ratio, ultra low-loss, high fabrication tolerance, and a compact footprint. This is achieved based on a rigorous coupled mode theory analysis of the broadband response of the bent directional coupler (DC) and by demonstrating a full coupling model, with measured broadband values of 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, and 0.7. As a benchmark, we demonstrate a 0.5:0.5 splitter that significantly reduces coupling variation from 0.391 in the traditional DC to just 0.051 over an 80 nm wavelength span. This represents a remarkable 7.67 times reduction in coupling variation. Further, newly-invented low-loss bends were used in the proposed design leading to an ultra low-loss design with negligible excess loss ( 0.003 +/- 0.013 dB ). The proposed 0.5:0.5 silicon strip waveguide-based design is tolerant and shows consistently low coupling variation over a full 300 mm wafer showcasing a maximum cross coupling variation of 0.112 over 80 nm wavelength range, at the extreme edge of the wafer. Futhermore, we augmented the wafer mapping with a waveguide width fabrication tolerance study, confirming the tolerance of the device with a mere 0.061 maximum coupling variation with a waveguide width deviation of +/- 20 nm over 80 nm wavelength range. These specs make the proposed splitter an attractive component for practical applications with mass production.
Keywords
Couplings, Broadband communication, Optical waveguides, Bending, Silicon, Optical device fabrication, Directional couplers, Arbitrary coupling, broadband splitter, low-loss, silicon photonics, POLARIZATION, SPLITTER, TOLERANT, COMPACT

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MLA
Bayoumi, Ahmed, et al. “Low-Loss Silicon Directional Coupler with Arbitrary Coupling Ratios for Broadband Wavelength Operation Based on Bent Waveguides.” JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY, vol. 42, no. 17, 2024, pp. 6011–18, doi:10.1109/jlt.2024.3407339.
APA
Bayoumi, A., Elshazly, A. W. A., Kobbi, H., Magdziak, R., Lepage, G., Marchese, C., … Deng, Q. (2024). Low-loss silicon directional coupler with arbitrary coupling ratios for broadband wavelength operation based on bent waveguides. JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY, 42(17), 6011–6018. https://doi.org/10.1109/jlt.2024.3407339
Chicago author-date
Bayoumi, Ahmed, Alaa Walid Ahmed Elshazly, Hakim Kobbi, Rafal Magdziak, Guy Lepage, Chiara Marchese, Javad Rahimi Vaskasi, et al. 2024. “Low-Loss Silicon Directional Coupler with Arbitrary Coupling Ratios for Broadband Wavelength Operation Based on Bent Waveguides.” JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY 42 (17): 6011–18. https://doi.org/10.1109/jlt.2024.3407339.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Bayoumi, Ahmed, Alaa Walid Ahmed Elshazly, Hakim Kobbi, Rafal Magdziak, Guy Lepage, Chiara Marchese, Javad Rahimi Vaskasi, Swetanshu Bipul, Dieter Bode, Marko Ersek Filipcic, Dimitrios Velenis, Maumita Chakrabarti, Peter De Heyn, Peter Verheyen, Philippe Absil, Filippo Ferraro, Yoojin Ban, Joris Van Campenhout, Wim Bogaerts, and Qingzhong Deng. 2024. “Low-Loss Silicon Directional Coupler with Arbitrary Coupling Ratios for Broadband Wavelength Operation Based on Bent Waveguides.” JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY 42 (17): 6011–6018. doi:10.1109/jlt.2024.3407339.
Vancouver
1.
Bayoumi A, Elshazly AWA, Kobbi H, Magdziak R, Lepage G, Marchese C, et al. Low-loss silicon directional coupler with arbitrary coupling ratios for broadband wavelength operation based on bent waveguides. JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY. 2024;42(17):6011–8.
IEEE
[1]
A. Bayoumi et al., “Low-loss silicon directional coupler with arbitrary coupling ratios for broadband wavelength operation based on bent waveguides,” JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY, vol. 42, no. 17, pp. 6011–6018, 2024.
@article{01J3FMZV0QZADEMZHNDNAC23TY,
  abstract     = {{We demonstrate a design for a high-performance 2x2 splitter meeting the essential requirements of broadband coupling, support for arbitrary coupling ratio, ultra low-loss, high fabrication tolerance, and a compact footprint. This is achieved based on a rigorous coupled mode theory analysis of the broadband response of the bent directional coupler (DC) and by demonstrating a full coupling model, with measured broadband values of 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, and 0.7. As a benchmark, we demonstrate a 0.5:0.5 splitter that significantly reduces coupling variation from 0.391 in the traditional DC to just 0.051 over an 80 nm wavelength span. This represents a remarkable 7.67 times reduction in coupling variation. Further, newly-invented low-loss bends were used in the proposed design leading to an ultra low-loss design with negligible excess loss ( 0.003 +/- 0.013 dB ). The proposed 0.5:0.5 silicon strip waveguide-based design is tolerant and shows consistently low coupling variation over a full 300 mm wafer showcasing a maximum cross coupling variation of 0.112 over 80 nm wavelength range, at the extreme edge of the wafer. Futhermore, we augmented the wafer mapping with a waveguide width fabrication tolerance study, confirming the tolerance of the device with a mere 0.061 maximum coupling variation with a waveguide width deviation of +/- 20 nm over 80 nm wavelength range. These specs make the proposed splitter an attractive component for practical applications with mass production.}},
  author       = {{Bayoumi, Ahmed and Elshazly, Alaa Walid Ahmed and Kobbi, Hakim and Magdziak, Rafal and Lepage, Guy and Marchese, Chiara and Rahimi Vaskasi, Javad and Bipul, Swetanshu and Bode, Dieter and Filipcic, Marko Ersek and Velenis, Dimitrios and Chakrabarti, Maumita and Heyn, Peter De and Verheyen, Peter and Absil, Philippe and Ferraro, Filippo and Ban, Yoojin and Campenhout, Joris Van and Bogaerts, Wim and Deng, Qingzhong}},
  issn         = {{0733-8724}},
  journal      = {{JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY}},
  keywords     = {{Couplings,Broadband communication,Optical waveguides,Bending,Silicon,Optical device fabrication,Directional couplers,Arbitrary coupling,broadband splitter,low-loss,silicon photonics,POLARIZATION,SPLITTER,TOLERANT,COMPACT}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{17}},
  pages        = {{6011--6018}},
  title        = {{Low-loss silicon directional coupler with arbitrary coupling ratios for broadband wavelength operation based on bent waveguides}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1109/jlt.2024.3407339}},
  volume       = {{42}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}
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