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Arinole, a novel auxin-stimulating benzoxazole, affects root growth and promotes adventitious root formation

Thomas Depaepe (UGent) , Els Prinsen, Yuming Hu (UGent) , Raul Sanchez Muñoz (UGent) , Bram Denoo, Dieter Buyst (UGent) , Hajer Darouez (UGent) , Stefaan Werbrouck (UGent) , Ken-ichiro Hayashi, José Martins (UGent) , et al.
(2024) JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY. 75(18). p.5681-5702
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Abstract
The triple response phenotype is characteristic for seedlings treated with the phytohormone ethylene or its direct precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-carboxylic acid, and is often employed to find novel chemical tools to probe ethylene responses. We identified a benzoxazole-urea derivative (B2) partially mimicking ethylene effects in a triple response bioassay. A phenotypic analysis demonstrated that B2 and its closest analogue arinole (ARI) induced phenotypic responses reminiscent of seedlings with elevated levels of auxin, including impaired hook development and inhibition of seedling growth. Specifically, ARI reduced longitudinal cell elongation in roots, while promoting cell division. In contrast to other natural or synthetic auxins, ARI mostly acts as an inducer of adventitious root development, with only limited effects on lateral root development. Quantification of free auxins and auxin biosynthetic precursors as well as auxin-related gene expression demonstrated that ARI boosts global auxin levels. In addition, analyses of auxin reporter lines and mutants, together with pharmacological assays with auxin-related inhibitors, confirmed that ARI effects are facilitated by TRYPTOPHAN AMINOTRANSFERASE1 (TAA1)-mediated auxin synthesis. ARI treatment in an array of species, including Arabidopsis, pea, tomato, poplar, and lavender, resulted in adventitious root formation, which is a desirable trait in both agriculture and horticulture. Arinole elevates auxin through induction of biosynthesis, primarily via TRYPTOPHAN AMINOTRANSFERASE1. It can be employed to probe auxin responses and is an interesting tool to induce adventitious roots in various species.
Keywords
Adventitious root, Arabidopsis, auxin, chemical genetics, ethylene, root growth, triple response, 1-AMINOCYCLOPROPANE-1-CARBOXYLATE SYNTHASE GENE-1, APICAL HOOK DEVELOPMENT, ETHYLENE-RESPONSE GENE, HORMONAL CROSS-TALK, ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA, TRANSITION ZONE, TRIPLE RESPONSE, SMALL-MOLECULE, PLANT-GROWTH, BIOSYNTHESIS

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MLA
Depaepe, Thomas, et al. “Arinole, a Novel Auxin-Stimulating Benzoxazole, Affects Root Growth and Promotes Adventitious Root Formation.” JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY, vol. 75, no. 18, 2024, pp. 5681–702, doi:10.1093/jxb/erae282.
APA
Depaepe, T., Prinsen, E., Hu, Y., Sanchez Muñoz, R., Denoo, B., Buyst, D., … Van Der Straeten, D. (2024). Arinole, a novel auxin-stimulating benzoxazole, affects root growth and promotes adventitious root formation. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY, 75(18), 5681–5702. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erae282
Chicago author-date
Depaepe, Thomas, Els Prinsen, Yuming Hu, Raul Sanchez Muñoz, Bram Denoo, Dieter Buyst, Hajer Darouez, et al. 2024. “Arinole, a Novel Auxin-Stimulating Benzoxazole, Affects Root Growth and Promotes Adventitious Root Formation.” JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 75 (18): 5681–5702. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erae282.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Depaepe, Thomas, Els Prinsen, Yuming Hu, Raul Sanchez Muñoz, Bram Denoo, Dieter Buyst, Hajer Darouez, Stefaan Werbrouck, Ken-ichiro Hayashi, José Martins, Johan Winne, and Dominique Van Der Straeten. 2024. “Arinole, a Novel Auxin-Stimulating Benzoxazole, Affects Root Growth and Promotes Adventitious Root Formation.” JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 75 (18): 5681–5702. doi:10.1093/jxb/erae282.
Vancouver
1.
Depaepe T, Prinsen E, Hu Y, Sanchez Muñoz R, Denoo B, Buyst D, et al. Arinole, a novel auxin-stimulating benzoxazole, affects root growth and promotes adventitious root formation. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY. 2024;75(18):5681–702.
IEEE
[1]
T. Depaepe et al., “Arinole, a novel auxin-stimulating benzoxazole, affects root growth and promotes adventitious root formation,” JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY, vol. 75, no. 18, pp. 5681–5702, 2024.
@article{01J2YKD3M5E7SJ11384W7JKM41,
  abstract     = {{The triple response phenotype is characteristic for seedlings treated with the phytohormone ethylene or its direct precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-carboxylic acid, and is often employed to find novel chemical tools to probe ethylene responses. We identified a benzoxazole-urea derivative (B2) partially mimicking ethylene effects in a triple response bioassay. A phenotypic analysis demonstrated that B2 and its closest analogue arinole (ARI) induced phenotypic responses reminiscent of seedlings with elevated levels of auxin, including impaired hook development and inhibition of seedling growth. Specifically, ARI reduced longitudinal cell elongation in roots, while promoting cell division. In contrast to other natural or synthetic auxins, ARI mostly acts as an inducer of adventitious root development, with only limited effects on lateral root development. Quantification of free auxins and auxin biosynthetic precursors as well as auxin-related gene expression demonstrated that ARI boosts global auxin levels. In addition, analyses of auxin reporter lines and mutants, together with pharmacological assays with auxin-related inhibitors, confirmed that ARI effects are facilitated by TRYPTOPHAN AMINOTRANSFERASE1 (TAA1)-mediated auxin synthesis. ARI treatment in an array of species, including Arabidopsis, pea, tomato, poplar, and lavender, resulted in adventitious root formation, which is a desirable trait in both agriculture and horticulture. Arinole elevates auxin through induction of biosynthesis, primarily via TRYPTOPHAN AMINOTRANSFERASE1. It can be employed to probe auxin responses and is an interesting tool to induce adventitious roots in various species.}},
  author       = {{Depaepe, Thomas and Prinsen, Els and Hu, Yuming and Sanchez Muñoz, Raul and Denoo, Bram and Buyst, Dieter and Darouez, Hajer and Werbrouck, Stefaan and Hayashi, Ken-ichiro and Martins, José and Winne, Johan and Van Der Straeten, Dominique}},
  issn         = {{0022-0957}},
  journal      = {{JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY}},
  keywords     = {{Adventitious root,Arabidopsis,auxin,chemical genetics,ethylene,root growth,triple response,1-AMINOCYCLOPROPANE-1-CARBOXYLATE SYNTHASE GENE-1,APICAL HOOK DEVELOPMENT,ETHYLENE-RESPONSE GENE,HORMONAL CROSS-TALK,ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA,TRANSITION ZONE,TRIPLE RESPONSE,SMALL-MOLECULE,PLANT-GROWTH,BIOSYNTHESIS}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{18}},
  pages        = {{5681--5702}},
  title        = {{Arinole, a novel auxin-stimulating benzoxazole, affects root growth and promotes adventitious root formation}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erae282}},
  volume       = {{75}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}

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