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Abstract
Poultry producers' attitudes towards biosecurity practices were assessed by using the ADKAR (R) (Awareness, Desire, Knowledge, Ability, and Reinforcement) behavioral change model. Conventional poultry producers (n = 155) from different production types including broilers (n = 35), layers (n = 22), breeders (n = 24), turkeys (n = 19), ducks (n = 23), free-range broilers (n = 11), free-range layers (n = 11), and hatcheries (n = 10) from seven European countries were scored for each ADKAR element (1 = total absence to 5 = perfect fulfilment). Each country performed selected interventions (e.g., coaching, participatory meetings, etc.) to improve biosecurity compliance. After the interventions, significant change was observed in three of the four attitude elements. The overall mean scores (x<overline> +/- SD) obtained during the initial assessment (n = 130) were 4.2 +/- 0.6 for Awareness, 4.1 +/- 0.7 for Desire, 3.8 +/- 0.8 for Knowledge, and 4.0 +/- 0.7 for Ability, whereas after intervention, the scores were A = 4.3 +/- 0.6, D = 4.2 +/- 0.7, K = 4.1 +/- 0.7, and Ab = 4.1 +/- 0.7. The Reinforcement component was only evaluated after the change and obtained a score of 3.7 +/- 0.7 on average. Identifying the elements influencing poultry producers and their behavior related to farm management decisions was useful in guiding our educational interventions to effectively change their behavior.
Keywords
ADKAR (R) model, biosecurity, education, Europe, poultry, AVIAN INFLUENZA, RISK-FACTORS, FARMERS ATTITUDES, CHICKEN FARMS, BROILER FARMS, DAIRY FARMERS, PERCEPTIONS, MANAGEMENT, DISEASE, BIOCHECK.UGENT

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MLA
Amalraj, Arthi, et al. “Factors Affecting Poultry Producers’ Attitudes towards Biosecurity.” ANIMALS, edited by Velmurugu Ravindran, vol. 14, no. 11, MDPI, 2024, doi:10.3390/ani14111603.
APA
Amalraj, A., Van Meirhaeghe, H., Lefort, A.-C., Rousset, N., Grillet, J., Spaans, A., … Dewulf, J. (2024). Factors affecting poultry producers’ attitudes towards biosecurity. ANIMALS, 14(11). https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14111603
Chicago author-date
Amalraj, Arthi, Hilde Van Meirhaeghe, Anne-Christine Lefort, Nathalie Rousset, Justine Grillet, Annick Spaans, Aitor Devesa, et al. 2024. “Factors Affecting Poultry Producers’ Attitudes towards Biosecurity.” Edited by Velmurugu Ravindran. ANIMALS 14 (11). https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14111603.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Amalraj, Arthi, Hilde Van Meirhaeghe, Anne-Christine Lefort, Nathalie Rousset, Justine Grillet, Annick Spaans, Aitor Devesa, Sandra Sevilla-Navarro, Giuditta Tilli, Alessandra Piccirillo, Artur Zbikowski, Laszlo Kovacs, Maria Kovacs-Weber, Ilias Chantziaras, and Jeroen Dewulf. 2024. “Factors Affecting Poultry Producers’ Attitudes towards Biosecurity.” Ed by. Velmurugu Ravindran. ANIMALS 14 (11). doi:10.3390/ani14111603.
Vancouver
1.
Amalraj A, Van Meirhaeghe H, Lefort A-C, Rousset N, Grillet J, Spaans A, et al. Factors affecting poultry producers’ attitudes towards biosecurity. Ravindran V, editor. ANIMALS. 2024;14(11).
IEEE
[1]
A. Amalraj et al., “Factors affecting poultry producers’ attitudes towards biosecurity,” ANIMALS, vol. 14, no. 11, 2024.
@article{01J2BXEFV82VNMMY5CMX10FPH0,
  abstract     = {{Poultry producers' attitudes towards biosecurity practices were assessed by using the ADKAR (R) (Awareness, Desire, Knowledge, Ability, and Reinforcement) behavioral change model. Conventional poultry producers (n = 155) from different production types including broilers (n = 35), layers (n = 22), breeders (n = 24), turkeys (n = 19), ducks (n = 23), free-range broilers (n = 11), free-range layers (n = 11), and hatcheries (n = 10) from seven European countries were scored for each ADKAR element (1 = total absence to 5 = perfect fulfilment). Each country performed selected interventions (e.g., coaching, participatory meetings, etc.) to improve biosecurity compliance. After the interventions, significant change was observed in three of the four attitude elements. The overall mean scores (x<overline> +/- SD) obtained during the initial assessment (n = 130) were 4.2 +/- 0.6 for Awareness, 4.1 +/- 0.7 for Desire, 3.8 +/- 0.8 for Knowledge, and 4.0 +/- 0.7 for Ability, whereas after intervention, the scores were A = 4.3 +/- 0.6, D = 4.2 +/- 0.7, K = 4.1 +/- 0.7, and Ab = 4.1 +/- 0.7. The Reinforcement component was only evaluated after the change and obtained a score of 3.7 +/- 0.7 on average. Identifying the elements influencing poultry producers and their behavior related to farm management decisions was useful in guiding our educational interventions to effectively change their behavior.}},
  articleno    = {{1603}},
  author       = {{Amalraj, Arthi and  Van Meirhaeghe, Hilde and  Lefort, Anne-Christine and  Rousset, Nathalie and  Grillet, Justine and  Spaans, Annick and  Devesa, Aitor and  Sevilla-Navarro, Sandra and  Tilli, Giuditta and  Piccirillo, Alessandra and  Zbikowski, Artur and  Kovacs, Laszlo and  Kovacs-Weber, Maria and Chantziaras, Ilias and Dewulf, Jeroen}},
  editor       = {{Ravindran, Velmurugu}},
  issn         = {{2076-2615}},
  journal      = {{ANIMALS}},
  keywords     = {{ADKAR (R) model,biosecurity,education,Europe,poultry,AVIAN INFLUENZA,RISK-FACTORS,FARMERS ATTITUDES,CHICKEN FARMS,BROILER FARMS,DAIRY FARMERS,PERCEPTIONS,MANAGEMENT,DISEASE,BIOCHECK.UGENT}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{11}},
  pages        = {{16}},
  publisher    = {{MDPI}},
  title        = {{Factors affecting poultry producers' attitudes towards biosecurity}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.3390/ani14111603}},
  volume       = {{14}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}

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