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Ultra violet-C pretreatment enhances the antimicrobial efficacy of unpeeled carrots against subsequent contamination with Listeria monocytogenes

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Abstract
To our knowledge, this study is the first to elucidate the bactericidal efficacy of unpeeled carrots (hereafter referred to as carrots) pretreated with Ultra Violet -C (UV -C) against subsequent contamination with Listeria monocytogenes . Carrots pretreated with UV -C (240 mJ/cm(2) ) exhibited a significant antilisterial effect within 2 h. In fact, the population of UV -C -pretreated carrots decreased from 7.94 log CFU/cm (2) to levels below the limit of detection (LOD; <1.65 log CFU/cm( 2) ) within 24 h. For carrots that were not pretreated with UV -C, 3 -4 log reductions were found after 24 h. Carrots pretreated with UV -C exhibited antimicrobial activity against another gram -positive pathogen, Staphylococcus aureus , but not against the gram -negative pathogens, E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella enterica . Pretreatment with UV -C created a lasting antimicrobial effect as introducing L. monocytogenes on carrots, 72 h post -UV -C treatment, still maintained the antilisterial effect. Notably, all UV -C doses in the range of 48 -240 mJ/cm (2) induced a lasting antilisterial effect. The bactericidal effects against L. monocytogenes were confirmed in three varieties of washed and unwashed carrots (Danvers, Nantes, and Chantenay). Fluorescence microscopy confirmed the bactericidal effect of UV -C -pretreated carrots on the survival of L. monocytogenes . Conclusively, pretreating carrots with UV -C can reduce the population of L. monocytogenes to levels below the LOD and may further prevent pathogen growth during cold storage. Additional studies are necessary to discern the mechanism underlying the bactericidal efficacy of UV -C -pretreated carrots.
Keywords
Carrot, UV-C, Listeria monocytogenes, Natural antimicrobial, Bactericidal efficacy, Photo-induction, Storage, Postharvest, 6-METHOXY MELLEIN, GROWTH, FRESH, SURVIVAL, STORAGE, STRAINS, TEMPERATURE, COMPETITION, ADAPTATION, ENRICHMENT

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MLA
Rajalingam, Nagendran, et al. “Ultra Violet-C Pretreatment Enhances the Antimicrobial Efficacy of Unpeeled Carrots against Subsequent Contamination with Listeria Monocytogenes.” INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY, vol. 421, 2024, doi:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2024.110800.
APA
Rajalingam, N., Choi, S.-Y., & Van Haute, S. (2024). Ultra violet-C pretreatment enhances the antimicrobial efficacy of unpeeled carrots against subsequent contamination with Listeria monocytogenes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY, 421. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2024.110800
Chicago author-date
Rajalingam, Nagendran, Song-Yi Choi, and Sam Van Haute. 2024. “Ultra Violet-C Pretreatment Enhances the Antimicrobial Efficacy of Unpeeled Carrots against Subsequent Contamination with Listeria Monocytogenes.” INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY 421. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2024.110800.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Rajalingam, Nagendran, Song-Yi Choi, and Sam Van Haute. 2024. “Ultra Violet-C Pretreatment Enhances the Antimicrobial Efficacy of Unpeeled Carrots against Subsequent Contamination with Listeria Monocytogenes.” INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY 421. doi:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2024.110800.
Vancouver
1.
Rajalingam N, Choi S-Y, Van Haute S. Ultra violet-C pretreatment enhances the antimicrobial efficacy of unpeeled carrots against subsequent contamination with Listeria monocytogenes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY. 2024;421.
IEEE
[1]
N. Rajalingam, S.-Y. Choi, and S. Van Haute, “Ultra violet-C pretreatment enhances the antimicrobial efficacy of unpeeled carrots against subsequent contamination with Listeria monocytogenes,” INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY, vol. 421, 2024.
@article{01J1VJKK4VRVA4Z4XXDVZJZNZT,
  abstract     = {{To our knowledge, this study is the first to elucidate the bactericidal efficacy of unpeeled carrots (hereafter referred to as carrots) pretreated with Ultra Violet -C (UV -C) against subsequent contamination with Listeria monocytogenes . Carrots pretreated with UV -C (240 mJ/cm(2) ) exhibited a significant antilisterial effect within 2 h. In fact, the population of UV -C -pretreated carrots decreased from 7.94 log CFU/cm (2) to levels below the limit of detection (LOD; <1.65 log CFU/cm( 2) ) within 24 h. For carrots that were not pretreated with UV -C, 3 -4 log reductions were found after 24 h. Carrots pretreated with UV -C exhibited antimicrobial activity against another gram -positive pathogen, Staphylococcus aureus , but not against the gram -negative pathogens, E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella enterica . Pretreatment with UV -C created a lasting antimicrobial effect as introducing L. monocytogenes on carrots, 72 h post -UV -C treatment, still maintained the antilisterial effect. Notably, all UV -C doses in the range of 48 -240 mJ/cm (2) induced a lasting antilisterial effect. The bactericidal effects against L. monocytogenes were confirmed in three varieties of washed and unwashed carrots (Danvers, Nantes, and Chantenay). Fluorescence microscopy confirmed the bactericidal effect of UV -C -pretreated carrots on the survival of L. monocytogenes . Conclusively, pretreating carrots with UV -C can reduce the population of L. monocytogenes to levels below the LOD and may further prevent pathogen growth during cold storage. Additional studies are necessary to discern the mechanism underlying the bactericidal efficacy of UV -C -pretreated carrots.}},
  articleno    = {{110800}},
  author       = {{Rajalingam, Nagendran and Choi, Song-Yi and Van Haute, Sam}},
  issn         = {{0168-1605}},
  journal      = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY}},
  keywords     = {{Carrot,UV-C,Listeria monocytogenes,Natural antimicrobial,Bactericidal efficacy,Photo-induction,Storage,Postharvest,6-METHOXY MELLEIN,GROWTH,FRESH,SURVIVAL,STORAGE,STRAINS,TEMPERATURE,COMPETITION,ADAPTATION,ENRICHMENT}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  pages        = {{11}},
  title        = {{Ultra violet-C pretreatment enhances the antimicrobial efficacy of unpeeled carrots against subsequent contamination with Listeria monocytogenes}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2024.110800}},
  volume       = {{421}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}

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