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Search for continuous and transient neutrino emission associated with IceCube's highest-energy tracks : an 11 yr analysis

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Abstract
IceCube alert events are neutrinos with a moderate-to-high probability of having astrophysical origin. In this study, we analyze 11 yr of IceCube data and investigate 122 alert events and a selection of high-energy tracks detected between 2009 and the end of 2021. This high-energy event selection (alert events + high-energy tracks) has an average probability of >= 0.5 of being of astrophysical origin. We search for additional continuous and transient neutrino emission within the high-energy events' error regions. We find no evidence for significant continuous neutrino emission from any of the alert event directions. The only locally significant neutrino emission is the transient emission associated with the blazar TXS 0506+056, with a local significance of 3 sigma, which confirms previous IceCube studies. When correcting for 122 test positions, the global p-value is 0.156 and compatible with the background hypothesis. We constrain the total continuous flux emitted from all 122 test positions at 100 TeV to be below 1.2 x 10-15 (TeV cm2 s)-1 at 90% confidence assuming an E -2 spectrum. This corresponds to 4.5% of IceCube's astrophysical diffuse flux. Overall, we find no indication that alert events in general are linked to lower-energetic continuous or transient neutrino emission.
Keywords
LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE, ALL-SKY SURVEY, POINT-SOURCE CATALOG, LARGE-SAMPLE, LIKELIHOOD

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MLA
Abbasi, R., et al. “Search for Continuous and Transient Neutrino Emission Associated with IceCube’s Highest-Energy Tracks : An 11 Yr Analysis.” ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, vol. 964, no. 1, 2024, doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad18d6.
APA
Abbasi, R., Ackermann, M., Adams, J., Agarwalla, S. K., Aguilar, J. A., Ahlers, M., … IceCube Collaboration, [missing]. (2024). Search for continuous and transient neutrino emission associated with IceCube’s highest-energy tracks : an 11 yr analysis. ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 964(1). https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad18d6
Chicago author-date
Abbasi, R., M. Ackermann, J. Adams, S. K. Agarwalla, J. A. Aguilar, M. Ahlers, J. M. Alameddine, et al. 2024. “Search for Continuous and Transient Neutrino Emission Associated with IceCube’s Highest-Energy Tracks : An 11 Yr Analysis.” ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL 964 (1). https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad18d6.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Abbasi, R., M. Ackermann, J. Adams, S. K. Agarwalla, J. A. Aguilar, M. Ahlers, J. M. Alameddine, N. M. Amin, K. Andeen, G. Anton, C. Argueelles, Y. Ashida, S. Athanasiadou, S. N. Axani, X. Bai, A. V. Balagopal, M. Baricevic, S. W. Barwick, V. Basu, R. Bay, J. J. Beatty, J. Becker Tjus, J. Beise, C. Bellenghi, C. Benning, S. BenZvi, D. Berley, E. Bernardini, D. Z. Besson, E. Blaufuss, S. Blot, F. Bontempo, J. Y. Book, C. Boscolo Meneguolo, S. Boeser, O. Botner, J. Boettcher, E. Bourbeau, J. Braun, B. Brinson, J. Brostean-Kaiser, R. T. Burley, R. S. Busse, D. Butterfield, M. A. Campana, K. Carloni, E. G. Carnie-Bronca, S. Chattopadhyay, N. Chau, C. Chen, Z. Chen, D. Chirkin, S. Choi, B. A. Clark, S. Coenders, A. Coleman, G. H. Collin, A. Connolly, J. M. Conrad, P. Coppin, P. Correa, D. F. Cowen, P. Dave, C. De Clercq, J. J. DeLaunay, D. Delgado, S. Deng, K. Deoskar, A. Desai, P. Desiati, K. D. De Vries, G. De Wasseige, T. DeYoung, A. Diaz, J. C. Diaz-Velez, M. Dittmer, A. Domi, H. Dujmovic, M. A. DuVernois, T. Ehrhardt, A. Eimer, P. Eller, E. Ellinger, S. El Mentawi, D. Elsaesser, R. Engel, H. Erpenbeck, J. Evans, P. A. Evenson, K. L. Fan, K. Fang, K. Farrag, A. R. Fazely, A. Fedynitch, N. Feigl, S. Fiedlschuster, C. Finley, L. Fischer, D. Fox, A. Franckowiak, A. Fritz, P. Fuerst, J. Gallagher, E. Ganster, A. Garcia, L. Gerhardt, A. Ghadimi, C. Glaser, T. Glauch, T. Glusenkamp, N. Goehlke, J. G. Gonzalez, S. Goswami, D. Grant, S. J. Gray, O. Gries, S. Griffin, S. Griswold, K. M. Groth, C. Gunther, P. Gutjahr, C. Haack, A. Hallgren, R. Halliday, L. Halve, F. Halzen, H. Hamdaoui, M. Ha Minh, K. Hanson, J. Hardin, A. A. Harnisch, P. Hatch, A. Haungs, K. Helbing, J. Hellrung, F. Henningsen, L. Heuermann, N. Heyer, S. Hickford, A. Hidvegi, C. Hill, G. C. Hill, K. D. Hoffman, S. Hori, K. Hoshina, W. Hou, T. Huber, K. Hultqvist, M. Huennefeld, R. Hussain, K. Hymon, S. In, A. Ishihara, M. Jacquart, O. Janik, M. Jansson, G. S. Japaridze, M. Jeong, M. Jin, B. J. P. Jones, N. Kamp, D. Kang, W. Kang, X. Kang, A. Kappes, D. Kappesser, L. Kardum, T. Karg, M. Karl, A. Karle, A. Katil, U. Katz, M. Kauer, J. L. Kelley, A. Khatee Zathul, A. Kheirandish, J. Kiryluk, S. R. Klein, A. Kochocki, R. Koirala, H. Kolanoski, T. Kontrimas, L. Koepke, C. Kopper, D. J. Koskinen, P. Koundal, M. Kovacevich, M. Kowalski, T. Kozynets, J. Krishnamoorthi, K. Kruiswijk, E. Krupczak, A. Kumar, N. Kurahashi, N. Lad, C. Lagunas Gualda, M. Lamoureux, M. J. Larson, S. Latseva, F. Lauber, J. P. Lazar, J. W. Lee, K. Leonard DeHolton, A. Leszczynska, M. Lincetto, Q. R. Liu, M. Liubarska, E. Lohfink, C. Love, C. J. Lozano Mariscal, L. Lu, F. Lucarelli, W. Luszczak, Y. Lyu, J. Madsen, K. B. M. Mahn, Y. Makino, E. Manao, S. Mancina, W. Marie Sainte, I. C. Maris, S. Marka, Z. Marka, M. Marsee, I. Martinez-Soler, R. Maruyama, F. Mayhew, T. McElroy, F. McNally, J. V. Mead, K. Meagher, S. Mechbal, A. Medina, M. Meier, Y. Merckx, L. Merten, J. Micallef, J. Mitchell, T. Montaruli, R. W. Moore, Y. Morii, R. Morse, M. Moulai, T. Mukherjee, R. Naab, R. Nagai, M. Nakos, U. Naumann, J. Necker, A. Negi, M. Neumann, H. Niederhausen, M. U. Nisa, A. Noell, A. Novikov, S. C. Nowicki, A. Obertacke Pollmann, V. O’Dell, M. Oehler, Bob Oeyen, A. Olivas, R. Orsoe, J. Osborn, E. O’Sullivan, H. Pandya, N. Park, G. K. Parker, E. N. Paudel, L. Paul, C. Perez De Los Heros, J. Peterson, S. Philippen, A. Pizzuto, M. Plum, A. Ponten, Y. Popovych, M. Prado Rodriguez, B. Pries, R. Procter-Murphy, G. T. Przybylski, C. Raab, J. Rack-Helleis, K. Rawlins, Z. Rechav, A. Rehman, P. Reichherzer, G. Renzi, E. Resconi, S. Reusch, W. Rhode, B. Riedel, A. Rifaie, E. J. Roberts, S. Robertson, S. Rodan, G. Roellinghoff, M. Rongen, C. Rott, T. Ruhe, L. Ruohan, Dirk Ryckbosch, I. Safa, J. Saffer, D. Salazar-Gallegos, P. Sampathkumar, S. E. Sanchez Herrera, A. Sandrock, M. Santander, S. Sarkar, S. Sarkar, J. Savelberg, P. Savina, M. Schaufel, H. Schieler, S. Schindler, L. Schlickmann, B. Schlueter, F. Schluter, N. Schmeisser, T. Schmidt, J. Schneider, F. G. Schroeder, L. Schumacher, G. Schwefer, S. Sclafani, D. Seckel, M. Seikh, S. Seunarine, R. Shah, S. Shefali, N. Shimizu, M. Silva, B. Skrzypek, B. Smithers, R. Snihur, J. Soedingrekso, A. Sogaard, D. Soldin, P. Soldin, G. Sommani, C. Spannfellner, G. M. Spiczak, C. Spiering, M. Stamatikos, T. Stanev, T. Stezelberger, T. Stuerwald, T. Stuettard, G. W. Sullivan, I. Taboada, S. Ter-Antonyan, M. Thiesmeyer, W. G. Thompson, J. Thwaites, S. Tilav, K. Tollefson, C. Toennis, S. Toscano, D. Tosi, A. Trettin, C. F. Tung, R. Turcotte, J. P. Twagirayezu, M. A. Unland Elorrieta, A. K. Upadhyay, K. Upshaw, A. Vaidyanathan, N. Valtonen-Mattila, J. Vandenbroucke, N. Van Eijndhoven, D. Vannerom, J. Van Santen, J. Vara, J. Veitch-Michaelis, M. Venugopal, M. Vereecken, S. Verpoest, D. Veske, A. Vijai, C. Walck, C. Weaver, P. Weigel, A. Weindl, J. Weldert, A. Y. Wen, C. Wendt, J. Werthebach, M. Weyrauch, N. Whitehorn, C. H. Wiebusch, D. R. Williams, L. Witthaus, A. Wolf, M. Wolf, G. Wrede, X. W. Xu, J. P. Yanez, E. Yildizci, S. Yoshida, R. Young, S. Yu, T. Yuan, Z. Zhang, P. Zhelnin, P. Zilberman, M. Zimmerman, and [missing] IceCube Collaboration. 2024. “Search for Continuous and Transient Neutrino Emission Associated with IceCube’s Highest-Energy Tracks : An 11 Yr Analysis.” ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL 964 (1). doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad18d6.
Vancouver
1.
Abbasi R, Ackermann M, Adams J, Agarwalla SK, Aguilar JA, Ahlers M, et al. Search for continuous and transient neutrino emission associated with IceCube’s highest-energy tracks : an 11 yr analysis. ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL. 2024;964(1).
IEEE
[1]
R. Abbasi et al., “Search for continuous and transient neutrino emission associated with IceCube’s highest-energy tracks : an 11 yr analysis,” ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, vol. 964, no. 1, 2024.
@article{01J08ECZG6JBBT3V3B9ZWPGG5W,
  abstract     = {{IceCube alert events are neutrinos with a moderate-to-high probability of having astrophysical origin. In this study, we analyze 11 yr of IceCube data and investigate 122 alert events and a selection of high-energy tracks detected between 2009 and the end of 2021. This high-energy event selection (alert events + high-energy tracks) has an average probability of >= 0.5 of being of astrophysical origin. We search for additional continuous and transient neutrino emission within the high-energy events' error regions. We find no evidence for significant continuous neutrino emission from any of the alert event directions. The only locally significant neutrino emission is the transient emission associated with the blazar TXS 0506+056, with a local significance of 3 sigma, which confirms previous IceCube studies. When correcting for 122 test positions, the global p-value is 0.156 and compatible with the background hypothesis. We constrain the total continuous flux emitted from all 122 test positions at 100 TeV to be below 1.2 x 10-15 (TeV cm2 s)-1 at 90% confidence assuming an E -2 spectrum. This corresponds to 4.5% of IceCube's astrophysical diffuse flux. Overall, we find no indication that alert events in general are linked to lower-energetic continuous or transient neutrino emission.}},
  articleno    = {{40}},
  author       = {{Abbasi, R. and  Ackermann, M. and  Adams, J. and  Agarwalla, S. K. and  Aguilar, J. A. and  Ahlers, M. and  Alameddine, J. M. and  Amin, N. M. and  Andeen, K. and  Anton, G. and  Argueelles, C. and  Ashida, Y. and  Athanasiadou, S. and  Axani, S. N. and  Bai, X. and  Balagopal, A. V. and  Baricevic, M. and  Barwick, S. W. and  Basu, V. and  Bay, R. and  Beatty, J. J. and  Tjus, J. Becker and  Beise, J. and  Bellenghi, C. and  Benning, C. and  BenZvi, S. and  Berley, D. and  Bernardini, E. and  Besson, D. Z. and  Blaufuss, E. and  Blot, S. and  Bontempo, F. and  Book, J. Y. and  Meneguolo, C. Boscolo and  Boeser, S. and  Botner, O. and  Boettcher, J. and  Bourbeau, E. and  Braun, J. and  Brinson, B. and  Brostean-Kaiser, J. and  Burley, R. T. and  Busse, R. S. and  Butterfield, D. and  Campana, M. A. and  Carloni, K. and  Carnie-Bronca, E. G. and  Chattopadhyay, S. and  Chau, N. and  Chen, C. and  Chen, Z. and  Chirkin, D. and  Choi, S. and  Clark, B. 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D. and  Hori, S. and  Hoshina, K. and  Hou, W. and  Huber, T. and  Hultqvist, K. and  Huennefeld, M. and  Hussain, R. and  Hymon, K. and  In, S. and  Ishihara, A. and  Jacquart, M. and  Janik, O. and  Jansson, M. and  Japaridze, G. S. and  Jeong, M. and  Jin, M. and  Jones, B. J. P. and  Kamp, N. and  Kang, D. and  Kang, W. and  Kang, X. and  Kappes, A. and  Kappesser, D. and  Kardum, L. and  Karg, T. and  Karl, M. and  Karle, A. and  Katil, A. and  Katz, U. and  Kauer, M. and  Kelley, J. L. and  Zathul, A. Khatee and  Kheirandish, A. and  Kiryluk, J. and  Klein, S. R. and  Kochocki, A. and  Koirala, R. and  Kolanoski, H. and  Kontrimas, T. and  Koepke, L. and  Kopper, C. and  Koskinen, D. J. and  Koundal, P. and  Kovacevich, M. and  Kowalski, M. and  Kozynets, T. and  Krishnamoorthi, J. and  Kruiswijk, K. and  Krupczak, E. and  Kumar, A. and  Kurahashi, N. and  Lad, N. and  Gualda, C. Lagunas and  Lamoureux, M. and  Larson, M. J. and  Latseva, S. and  Lauber, F. and  Lazar, J. P. and  Lee, J. W. and  DeHolton, K. Leonard and  Leszczynska, A. and  Lincetto, M. and  Liu, Q. R. and  Liubarska, M. and  Lohfink, E. and  Love, C. and  Mariscal, C. J. Lozano and  Lu, L. and  Lucarelli, F. and  Luszczak, W. and  Lyu, Y. and  Madsen, J. and  Mahn, K. B. M. and  Makino, Y. and  Manao, E. and  Mancina, S. and  Sainte, W. Marie and  Maris, I. C. and  Marka, S. and  Marka, Z. and  Marsee, M. and  Martinez-Soler, I. and  Maruyama, R. and  Mayhew, F. and  McElroy, T. and  McNally, F. and  Mead, J. V. and  Meagher, K. and  Mechbal, S. and  Medina, A. and  Meier, M. and  Merckx, Y. and  Merten, L. and  Micallef, J. and  Mitchell, J. and  Montaruli, T. and  Moore, R. W. and  Morii, Y. and  Morse, R. and  Moulai, M. and  Mukherjee, T. and  Naab, R. and  Nagai, R. and  Nakos, M. and  Naumann, U. and  Necker, J. and  Negi, A. and  Neumann, M. and  Niederhausen, H. and  Nisa, M. U. and  Noell, A. and  Novikov, A. and  Nowicki, S. C. and  Pollmann, A. Obertacke and  O'Dell, V. and  Oehler, M. and Oeyen, Bob and  Olivas, A. and  Orsoe, R. and  Osborn, J. and  O'Sullivan, E. and  Pandya, H. and  Park, N. and  Parker, G. K. and  Paudel, E. N. and  Paul, L. and  Heros, C. Perez De Los and  Peterson, J. and  Philippen, S. and  Pizzuto, A. and  Plum, M. and  Ponten, A. and  Popovych, Y. and  Rodriguez, M. Prado and  Pries, B. and  Procter-Murphy, R. and  Przybylski, G. T. and  Raab, C. and  Rack-Helleis, J. and  Rawlins, K. and  Rechav, Z. and  Rehman, A. and  Reichherzer, P. and  Renzi, G. and  Resconi, E. and  Reusch, S. and  Rhode, W. and  Riedel, B. and  Rifaie, A. and  Roberts, E. J. and  Robertson, S. and  Rodan, S. and  Roellinghoff, G. and  Rongen, M. and  Rott, C. and  Ruhe, T. and  Ruohan, L. and Ryckbosch, Dirk and  Safa, I. and  Saffer, J. and  Salazar-Gallegos, D. and  Sampathkumar, P. and  Herrera, S. E. Sanchez and  Sandrock, A. and  Santander, M. and  Sarkar, S. and  Sarkar, S. and  Savelberg, J. and  Savina, P. and  Schaufel, M. and  Schieler, H. and  Schindler, S. and  Schlickmann, L. and  Schlueter, B. and  Schluter, F. and  Schmeisser, N. and  Schmidt, T. and  Schneider, J. and  Schroeder, F. G. and  Schumacher, L. and  Schwefer, G. and  Sclafani, S. and  Seckel, D. and  Seikh, M. and  Seunarine, S. and  Shah, R. and  Shefali, S. and  Shimizu, N. and  Silva, M. and  Skrzypek, B. and  Smithers, B. and  Snihur, R. and  Soedingrekso, J. and  Sogaard, A. and  Soldin, D. and  Soldin, P. and  Sommani, G. and  Spannfellner, C. and  Spiczak, G. M. and  Spiering, C. and  Stamatikos, M. and  Stanev, T. and  Stezelberger, T. and  Stuerwald, T. and  Stuettard, T. and  Sullivan, G. W. and  Taboada, I. and  Ter-Antonyan, S. and  Thiesmeyer, M. and  Thompson, W. G. and  Thwaites, J. and  Tilav, S. and  Tollefson, K. and  Toennis, C. and  Toscano, S. and  Tosi, D. and  Trettin, A. and  Tung, C. F. and  Turcotte, R. and  Twagirayezu, J. P. and  Elorrieta, M. A. Unland and  Upadhyay, A. K. and  Upshaw, K. and  Vaidyanathan, A. and  Valtonen-Mattila, N. and  Vandenbroucke, J. and  Van Eijndhoven, N. and  Vannerom, D. and  Van Santen, J. and  Vara, J. and  Veitch-Michaelis, J. and  Venugopal, M. and  Vereecken, M. and  Verpoest, S. and  Veske, D. and  Vijai, A. and  Walck, C. and  Weaver, C. and  Weigel, P. and  Weindl, A. and  Weldert, J. and  Wen, A. Y. and  Wendt, C. and  Werthebach, J. and  Weyrauch, M. and  Whitehorn, N. and  Wiebusch, C. H. and  Williams, D. R. and  Witthaus, L. and  Wolf, A. and  Wolf, M. and  Wrede, G. and  Xu, X. W. and  Yanez, J. P. and  Yildizci, E. and  Yoshida, S. and  Young, R. and  Yu, S. and  Yuan, T. and  Zhang, Z. and  Zhelnin, P. and  Zilberman, P. and  Zimmerman, M. and IceCube Collaboration, [missing]}},
  issn         = {{0004-637X}},
  journal      = {{ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL}},
  keywords     = {{LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE,ALL-SKY SURVEY,POINT-SOURCE CATALOG,LARGE-SAMPLE,LIKELIHOOD}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{1}},
  pages        = {{19}},
  title        = {{Search for continuous and transient neutrino emission associated with IceCube's highest-energy tracks : an 11 yr analysis}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad18d6}},
  volume       = {{964}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}

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