@article{01J05W9AMQA8VDTGX13VWKRGSK,
  abstract     = {{Objectives
This study investigates the way theta burst stimulation (TBS) applied to the motor cortex (M1) affects TMS-evoked potentials (TEPs). There have been few direct comparisons of continuous TBS (cTBS) and intermittent TBS (iTBS), and there is a lack of consensus from existing literature on the induced effects. We performed an exploratory trial to assess the effect of M1-cTBS and M1-iTBS on TEP components.

Materials and Methods
In a cross-over design, 15 participants each completed three experimental sessions with ≥one week in between sessions. The effect of a single TBS train administered over M1 was investigated using TEPs recorded at the same location, 20 to 30 minutes before and in the first 10 minutes after the intervention. In each session, a different type of TBS (cTBS, iTBS, or active control cTBS) was administered in a single-blinded randomized order. For six different TEP components (N15, P30, N45, P60, N100, and P180), amplitude was compared before and after the intervention using cluster-based permutation (CBP) analysis.

Results
We were unable to identify a significant modulation of any of the six predefined M1 TEP components after a single train of TBS. When waiving statistical correction for multiple testing in view of the exploratory nature of the study, the CBP analysis supports a reduction of the P180 amplitude after iTBS (p = 0.015), whereas no effect was observed after cTBS or in the active control condition. The reduction occurred in ten of 15 subjects, showing intersubject variability.

Conclusions
The observed decrease in the P180 amplitude after iTBS may suggest a neuromodulatory effect of iTBS. Despite methodologic issues related to our study and the potential sensory contamination within this latency range of the TEP, we believe that our finding deserves further investigation in hypothesis-driven trials of adequate power and proper design, focusing on disentanglement between TEPs and peripherally evoked potentials, in addition to indicating reproducibility across sessions and subjects.}},
  author       = {{Carrette, Sofie and Vonck, Kristl and Klooster, Debby and Raedt, Robrecht and Carrette, Evelien and Delbeke, Jean and Wadman, Wytse and Casarotto, Silvia and Massimini, Marcello and Boon, Paul}},
  issn         = {{1094-7159}},
  journal      = {{NEUROMODULATION}},
  keywords     = {{Neuromodulation,TEPs,theta burst stimulation,TMS-evoked potentials,transcranial magnetic stimulation,CORTICAL EXCITABILITY,BRAIN-STIMULATION,INTERINDIVIDUAL VARIABILITY,CORTICOSPINAL EXCITABILITY,STIMULUS-INTENSITY,INDUCED PLASTICITY,TMS-EEG,INTERMITTENT,REACTIVITY,TIME}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{1}},
  pages        = {{123--135}},
  title        = {{Exploration of theta burst-induced modulation of transcranial magnetic stimulation-evoked potentials over the motor cortex}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurom.2024.04.007}},
  volume       = {{28}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}

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