The grayness of match-fixing : a study of the prevalence and sanctionability of non-betting-related match-fixing in football and tennis
- Author
- Lucie Vanwersch (UGent) , Louis Vandercruysse (UGent) , An Vermeersch (UGent) , Tom Vander Beken (UGent) , Annick Willem (UGent) , Bram Constandt (UGent) and Wim Hardyns (UGent)
- Organization
- Project
- Abstract
- In this study, we provide a nuanced perspective on a sub-type of match-fixing, called non-betting-related match-fixing (NBMF). Using a cross-sectional survey, we measured the prevalence and motives behind NBMF in Belgian amateur football and tennis. Additionally, we conducted a thorough study of the regulatory documents of the relevant (sports) organizations to examine the sanctionability of different types of NBMF by analyzing their disciplinary regulations surrounding NBMF and, if applicable, their sanctioning guidelines. Furthermore, various instances of NBMF were applied to the definition of competition manipulation of the Council of Europe's Macolin Convention. We conclude that NBMF is not always linked to sporting outcomes and that the gray zone that surrounds it differs between both sports depending on the specificity of their regulations, and the subjectivity with which they are implemented in practice.
- Keywords
- CORRUPTION, SPORT, ETHICS, EUROPE
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Citation
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication: http://hdl.handle.net/1854/LU-01J016P9MGJ1PPG865BDFBJ2YY
- MLA
- Vanwersch, Lucie, et al. “The Grayness of Match-Fixing : A Study of the Prevalence and Sanctionability of Non-Betting-Related Match-Fixing in Football and Tennis.” DEVIANT BEHAVIOR, vol. 46, no. 6, 2025, pp. 709–30, doi:10.1080/01639625.2024.2364279.
- APA
- Vanwersch, L., Vandercruysse, L., Vermeersch, A., Vander Beken, T., Willem, A., Constandt, B., & Hardyns, W. (2025). The grayness of match-fixing : a study of the prevalence and sanctionability of non-betting-related match-fixing in football and tennis. DEVIANT BEHAVIOR, 46(6), 709–730. https://doi.org/10.1080/01639625.2024.2364279
- Chicago author-date
- Vanwersch, Lucie, Louis Vandercruysse, An Vermeersch, Tom Vander Beken, Annick Willem, Bram Constandt, and Wim Hardyns. 2025. “The Grayness of Match-Fixing : A Study of the Prevalence and Sanctionability of Non-Betting-Related Match-Fixing in Football and Tennis.” DEVIANT BEHAVIOR 46 (6): 709–30. https://doi.org/10.1080/01639625.2024.2364279.
- Chicago author-date (all authors)
- Vanwersch, Lucie, Louis Vandercruysse, An Vermeersch, Tom Vander Beken, Annick Willem, Bram Constandt, and Wim Hardyns. 2025. “The Grayness of Match-Fixing : A Study of the Prevalence and Sanctionability of Non-Betting-Related Match-Fixing in Football and Tennis.” DEVIANT BEHAVIOR 46 (6): 709–730. doi:10.1080/01639625.2024.2364279.
- Vancouver
- 1.Vanwersch L, Vandercruysse L, Vermeersch A, Vander Beken T, Willem A, Constandt B, et al. The grayness of match-fixing : a study of the prevalence and sanctionability of non-betting-related match-fixing in football and tennis. DEVIANT BEHAVIOR. 2025;46(6):709–30.
- IEEE
- [1]L. Vanwersch et al., “The grayness of match-fixing : a study of the prevalence and sanctionability of non-betting-related match-fixing in football and tennis,” DEVIANT BEHAVIOR, vol. 46, no. 6, pp. 709–730, 2025.
@article{01J016P9MGJ1PPG865BDFBJ2YY,
abstract = {{In this study, we provide a nuanced perspective on a sub-type of match-fixing, called non-betting-related match-fixing (NBMF). Using a cross-sectional survey, we measured the prevalence and motives behind NBMF in Belgian amateur football and tennis. Additionally, we conducted a thorough study of the regulatory documents of the relevant (sports) organizations to examine the sanctionability of different types of NBMF by analyzing their disciplinary regulations surrounding NBMF and, if applicable, their sanctioning guidelines. Furthermore, various instances of NBMF were applied to the definition of competition manipulation of the Council of Europe's Macolin Convention. We conclude that NBMF is not always linked to sporting outcomes and that the gray zone that surrounds it differs between both sports depending on the specificity of their regulations, and the subjectivity with which they are implemented in practice.}},
author = {{Vanwersch, Lucie and Vandercruysse, Louis and Vermeersch, An and Vander Beken, Tom and Willem, Annick and Constandt, Bram and Hardyns, Wim}},
issn = {{0163-9625}},
journal = {{DEVIANT BEHAVIOR}},
keywords = {{CORRUPTION,SPORT,ETHICS,EUROPE}},
language = {{eng}},
number = {{6}},
pages = {{709--730}},
title = {{The grayness of match-fixing : a study of the prevalence and sanctionability of non-betting-related match-fixing in football and tennis}},
url = {{http://doi.org/10.1080/01639625.2024.2364279}},
volume = {{46}},
year = {{2025}},
}
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