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Exploring the potential role of four Rhizophagus irregularis nuclear effectors : opportunities and technical limitations

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Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are obligate symbionts that interact with the roots of most land plants. The genome of the AMF model species Rhizophagus irregularis contains hundreds of predicted small effector proteins that are secreted extracellularly but also into the plant cells to suppress plant immunity and modify plant physiology to establish a niche for growth. Here, we investigated the role of four nuclear-localized putative effectors, i.e., GLOIN707, GLOIN781, GLOIN261, and RiSP749, in mycorrhization and plant growth. We initially intended to execute the functional studies in Solanum lycopersicum, a host plant of economic interest not previously used for AMF effector biology, but extended our studies to the model host Medicago truncatula as well as the non-host Arabidopsis thaliana because of the technical advantages of working with these models. Furthermore, for three effectors, the implementation of reverse genetic tools, yeast two-hybrid screening and whole-genome transcriptome analysis revealed potential host plant nuclear targets and the downstream triggered transcriptional responses. We identified and validated a host protein interactors participating in mycorrhization in the host.S. lycopersicum and demonstrated by transcriptomics the effectors possible involvement in different molecular processes, i.e., the regulation of DNA replication, methylglyoxal detoxification, and RNA splicing. We conclude that R. irregularis nuclear-localized effector proteins may act on different pathways to modulate symbiosis and plant physiology and discuss the pros and cons of the tools used.
Keywords
Rhizophagus irregularis, arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis, effectors, mycorrhization, nuclear effector proteins, plant growth, protein-protein interaction, transcriptional responses, GENE-EXPRESSION, PLANT, PROTEINS, ROOT, COLONIZATION, PEPTIDES, IDENTIFICATION, TRANSFORMATION, MOLECULES, IMMUNITY

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MLA
Aparicio Chacón, María Victoria, et al. “Exploring the Potential Role of Four Rhizophagus Irregularis Nuclear Effectors : Opportunities and Technical Limitations.” FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE, vol. 15, 2024, doi:10.3389/fpls.2024.1384496.
APA
Aparicio Chacón, M. V., Hernández Luelmo, S., Devlieghere, V., Robichez, L., Leroy, T., Stuer, N., … Van Dingenen, J. (2024). Exploring the potential role of four Rhizophagus irregularis nuclear effectors : opportunities and technical limitations. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE, 15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2024.1384496
Chicago author-date
Aparicio Chacón, María Victoria, Sofía Hernández Luelmo, Viktor Devlieghere, Louis Robichez, Toon Leroy, Naomi Stuer, Annick De Keyser, et al. 2024. “Exploring the Potential Role of Four Rhizophagus Irregularis Nuclear Effectors : Opportunities and Technical Limitations.” FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2024.1384496.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Aparicio Chacón, María Victoria, Sofía Hernández Luelmo, Viktor Devlieghere, Louis Robichez, Toon Leroy, Naomi Stuer, Annick De Keyser, Evi Ceulemans, Alain Goossens, Sofie Goormachtig, and Judith Van Dingenen. 2024. “Exploring the Potential Role of Four Rhizophagus Irregularis Nuclear Effectors : Opportunities and Technical Limitations.” FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 15. doi:10.3389/fpls.2024.1384496.
Vancouver
1.
Aparicio Chacón MV, Hernández Luelmo S, Devlieghere V, Robichez L, Leroy T, Stuer N, et al. Exploring the potential role of four Rhizophagus irregularis nuclear effectors : opportunities and technical limitations. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE. 2024;15.
IEEE
[1]
M. V. Aparicio Chacón et al., “Exploring the potential role of four Rhizophagus irregularis nuclear effectors : opportunities and technical limitations,” FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE, vol. 15, 2024.
@article{01HYEC2KS83W7BZ75VKS04GTPH,
  abstract     = {{Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are obligate symbionts that interact with the roots of most land plants. The genome of the AMF model species Rhizophagus irregularis contains hundreds of predicted small effector proteins that are secreted extracellularly but also into the plant cells to suppress plant immunity and modify plant physiology to establish a niche for growth. Here, we investigated the role of four nuclear-localized putative effectors, i.e., GLOIN707, GLOIN781, GLOIN261, and RiSP749, in mycorrhization and plant growth. We initially intended to execute the functional studies in Solanum lycopersicum, a host plant of economic interest not previously used for AMF effector biology, but extended our studies to the model host Medicago truncatula as well as the non-host Arabidopsis thaliana because of the technical advantages of working with these models. Furthermore, for three effectors, the implementation of reverse genetic tools, yeast two-hybrid screening and whole-genome transcriptome analysis revealed potential host plant nuclear targets and the downstream triggered transcriptional responses. We identified and validated a host protein interactors participating in mycorrhization in the host.S. lycopersicum and demonstrated by transcriptomics the effectors possible involvement in different molecular processes, i.e., the regulation of DNA replication, methylglyoxal detoxification, and RNA splicing. We conclude that R. irregularis nuclear-localized effector proteins may act on different pathways to modulate symbiosis and plant physiology and discuss the pros and cons of the tools used.}},
  articleno    = {{1384496}},
  author       = {{Aparicio Chacón, María Victoria and Hernández Luelmo, Sofía and Devlieghere, Viktor and Robichez, Louis and Leroy, Toon and Stuer, Naomi and De Keyser, Annick and Ceulemans, Evi and Goossens, Alain and Goormachtig, Sofie and Van Dingenen, Judith}},
  issn         = {{1664-462X}},
  journal      = {{FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE}},
  keywords     = {{Rhizophagus irregularis,arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis,effectors,mycorrhization,nuclear effector proteins,plant growth,protein-protein interaction,transcriptional responses,GENE-EXPRESSION,PLANT,PROTEINS,ROOT,COLONIZATION,PEPTIDES,IDENTIFICATION,TRANSFORMATION,MOLECULES,IMMUNITY}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  pages        = {{20}},
  title        = {{Exploring the potential role of four Rhizophagus irregularis nuclear effectors : opportunities and technical limitations}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2024.1384496}},
  volume       = {{15}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}

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