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Playing with low amounts of expanded graphite for melt-processed polyamide and copolyester nanocomposites to achieve control of mechanical, tribological, thermal and dielectric properties

Ruben Vande Ryse (UGent) , Michiel Van Osta (UGent) , Mounia Gruyaert, Maarten Oosterlinck (UGent) , Ádám Kalácska (UGent) , Mariya Edeleva (UGent) , Frederik Pille (UGent) , Dagmar D'hooge (UGent) , Ludwig Cardon (UGent) and Patrick De Baets (UGent)
(2024) NANOMATERIALS. 14(7).
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Abstract
Polyamide 11 (PA11) and copolyester (TPC-E) were compounded through melt extrusion with low levels (below 10%) of expanded graphite (EG), aiming at the manufacturing of a thermally and electrically conductive composite resistant to friction and with acceptable mechanical properties. Thermal characterisation showed that the EG presence had no influence on the onset degradation temperature or melting temperature. While the specific density of the produced composite materials increased linearly with increasing levels of EG, the tensile modulus and flexural modulus showed a significant increase already at the introduction of 1 wt% EG. However, the elongation at break decreased significantly for higher loadings, which is typical for composite materials. We observed the increase in the dielectric and thermal conductivity, and the dissipated power displayed a much larger increase where high frequencies (e.g., 10 GHz) were taken into account. The tribological results showed significant changes at 4 wt% for the PA11 composite and 6 wt% for the TPC-E composite. Morphological analysis of the wear surfaces indicated that the main wear mechanism changed from abrasive wear to adhesive wear, which contributes to the enhanced wear resistance of the developed materials. Overall, we manufactured new composite materials with enhanced dielectric properties and superior wear resistance while maintaining good processability, specifically upon using 4-6 wt% of EG.
Keywords
General Materials Science, General Chemical Engineering, polymer composites, expanded graphite, dielectric properties, tribology, material characterisation, COMPOSITES, BEHAVIOR, CONDUCTIVITY, FILLER, MATRIX, WEAR

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MLA
Vande Ryse, Ruben, et al. “Playing with Low Amounts of Expanded Graphite for Melt-Processed Polyamide and Copolyester Nanocomposites to Achieve Control of Mechanical, Tribological, Thermal and Dielectric Properties.” NANOMATERIALS, vol. 14, no. 7, MDPI, 2024, doi:10.3390/nano14070606.
APA
Vande Ryse, R., Van Osta, M., Gruyaert, M., Oosterlinck, M., Kalácska, Á., Edeleva, M., … De Baets, P. (2024). Playing with low amounts of expanded graphite for melt-processed polyamide and copolyester nanocomposites to achieve control of mechanical, tribological, thermal and dielectric properties. NANOMATERIALS, 14(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14070606
Chicago author-date
Vande Ryse, Ruben, Michiel Van Osta, Mounia Gruyaert, Maarten Oosterlinck, Ádám Kalácska, Mariya Edeleva, Frederik Pille, Dagmar D’hooge, Ludwig Cardon, and Patrick De Baets. 2024. “Playing with Low Amounts of Expanded Graphite for Melt-Processed Polyamide and Copolyester Nanocomposites to Achieve Control of Mechanical, Tribological, Thermal and Dielectric Properties.” NANOMATERIALS 14 (7). https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14070606.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Vande Ryse, Ruben, Michiel Van Osta, Mounia Gruyaert, Maarten Oosterlinck, Ádám Kalácska, Mariya Edeleva, Frederik Pille, Dagmar D’hooge, Ludwig Cardon, and Patrick De Baets. 2024. “Playing with Low Amounts of Expanded Graphite for Melt-Processed Polyamide and Copolyester Nanocomposites to Achieve Control of Mechanical, Tribological, Thermal and Dielectric Properties.” NANOMATERIALS 14 (7). doi:10.3390/nano14070606.
Vancouver
1.
Vande Ryse R, Van Osta M, Gruyaert M, Oosterlinck M, Kalácska Á, Edeleva M, et al. Playing with low amounts of expanded graphite for melt-processed polyamide and copolyester nanocomposites to achieve control of mechanical, tribological, thermal and dielectric properties. NANOMATERIALS. 2024;14(7).
IEEE
[1]
R. Vande Ryse et al., “Playing with low amounts of expanded graphite for melt-processed polyamide and copolyester nanocomposites to achieve control of mechanical, tribological, thermal and dielectric properties,” NANOMATERIALS, vol. 14, no. 7, 2024.
@article{01HVRJRFCDEXXQHNXCPM18FY9W,
  abstract     = {{Polyamide 11 (PA11) and copolyester (TPC-E) were compounded through melt extrusion with low levels (below 10%) of expanded graphite (EG), aiming at the manufacturing of a thermally and electrically conductive composite resistant to friction and with acceptable mechanical properties. Thermal characterisation showed that the EG presence had no influence on the onset degradation temperature or melting temperature. While the specific density of the produced composite materials increased linearly with increasing levels of EG, the tensile modulus and flexural modulus showed a significant increase already at the introduction of 1 wt% EG. However, the elongation at break decreased significantly for higher loadings, which is typical for composite materials. We observed the increase in the dielectric and thermal conductivity, and the dissipated power displayed a much larger increase where high frequencies (e.g., 10 GHz) were taken into account. The tribological results showed significant changes at 4 wt% for the PA11 composite and 6 wt% for the TPC-E composite. Morphological analysis of the wear surfaces indicated that the main wear mechanism changed from abrasive wear to adhesive wear, which contributes to the enhanced wear resistance of the developed materials. Overall, we manufactured new composite materials with enhanced dielectric properties and superior wear resistance while maintaining good processability, specifically upon using 4-6 wt% of EG.}},
  articleno    = {{606}},
  author       = {{Vande Ryse, Ruben and Van Osta, Michiel and Gruyaert, Mounia and Oosterlinck, Maarten and Kalácska, Ádám and Edeleva, Mariya and Pille, Frederik and D'hooge, Dagmar and Cardon, Ludwig and De Baets, Patrick}},
  issn         = {{2079-4991}},
  journal      = {{NANOMATERIALS}},
  keywords     = {{General Materials Science,General Chemical Engineering,polymer composites,expanded graphite,dielectric properties,tribology,material characterisation,COMPOSITES,BEHAVIOR,CONDUCTIVITY,FILLER,MATRIX,WEAR}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{7}},
  pages        = {{16}},
  publisher    = {{MDPI}},
  title        = {{Playing with low amounts of expanded graphite for melt-processed polyamide and copolyester nanocomposites to achieve control of mechanical, tribological, thermal and dielectric properties}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.3390/nano14070606}},
  volume       = {{14}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}

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