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Self-disorders in schizophrenia as disorders of transparency : an exploratory account

(2025) PHILOSOPHICAL PSYCHOLOGY. 38(1). p.49-76
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Abstract
Understanding alterations of selfhood (termed self-disorders or self-disturbances) that are considered typical of the schizophrenia-spectrum is a central focus of phenomenological research. The currently most influential way of phenomenologically conceiving self-disorders in schizophrenia is as disorders of the so-called most basic or "minimal self". In this paper, we first highlight some challenges for the minimal self-view of self-disorders, focusing on (1) problems arising from the supposedly "essential" or "universal" nature of minimal self with respect to phenomenal awareness and (2) the critical implications of alterations of self-experience in schizophrenia that involve heightened or exaggerated sense of self. In the second part, we tentatively explore how a (non-egological) transparency-view of consciousness may offer an alternative way of understanding the experiential abnormalities involved in self-disorders in schizophrenia. We discuss how such a transparency-view (1) may account for loss-of-self experiences; (2) is compatible with the key notion of "hyper-reflexivity"; and (3) can help explain instances of self-disorder involving increased sense of self. In conclusion, we consider some possible advantages of this alternative view for research on self-disorders and clinical approaches.
Keywords
Philosophy, Applied Psychology, Self-disorders, schizophrenia, phenomenology, minimal self, transparency, hyper-reflexivity, AUDITORY-VERBAL HALLUCINATIONS, ULTRA-HIGH RISK, EXPERIENCE, DELUSIONS, SYMPTOMS, PHENOMENOLOGY, DISTURBANCE, SPECTRUM, CONSCIOUSNESS, PSYCHOSIS

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MLA
Feyaerts, Jasper, et al. “Self-Disorders in Schizophrenia as Disorders of Transparency : An Exploratory Account.” PHILOSOPHICAL PSYCHOLOGY, vol. 38, no. 1, 2025, pp. 49–76, doi:10.1080/09515089.2024.2325545.
APA
Feyaerts, J., Nelson, B., & Sass, L. (2025). Self-disorders in schizophrenia as disorders of transparency : an exploratory account. PHILOSOPHICAL PSYCHOLOGY, 38(1), 49–76. https://doi.org/10.1080/09515089.2024.2325545
Chicago author-date
Feyaerts, Jasper, Barnaby Nelson, and Louis Sass. 2025. “Self-Disorders in Schizophrenia as Disorders of Transparency : An Exploratory Account.” PHILOSOPHICAL PSYCHOLOGY 38 (1): 49–76. https://doi.org/10.1080/09515089.2024.2325545.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Feyaerts, Jasper, Barnaby Nelson, and Louis Sass. 2025. “Self-Disorders in Schizophrenia as Disorders of Transparency : An Exploratory Account.” PHILOSOPHICAL PSYCHOLOGY 38 (1): 49–76. doi:10.1080/09515089.2024.2325545.
Vancouver
1.
Feyaerts J, Nelson B, Sass L. Self-disorders in schizophrenia as disorders of transparency : an exploratory account. PHILOSOPHICAL PSYCHOLOGY. 2025;38(1):49–76.
IEEE
[1]
J. Feyaerts, B. Nelson, and L. Sass, “Self-disorders in schizophrenia as disorders of transparency : an exploratory account,” PHILOSOPHICAL PSYCHOLOGY, vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 49–76, 2025.
@article{01HTF86J8SPJ1HH5MNWH6J1MYF,
  abstract     = {{Understanding alterations of selfhood (termed self-disorders or self-disturbances) that are considered typical of the schizophrenia-spectrum is a central focus of phenomenological research. The currently most influential way of phenomenologically conceiving self-disorders in schizophrenia is as disorders of the so-called most basic or "minimal self". In this paper, we first highlight some challenges for the minimal self-view of self-disorders, focusing on (1) problems arising from the supposedly "essential" or "universal" nature of minimal self with respect to phenomenal awareness and (2) the critical implications of alterations of self-experience in schizophrenia that involve heightened or exaggerated sense of self. In the second part, we tentatively explore how a (non-egological) transparency-view of consciousness may offer an alternative way of understanding the experiential abnormalities involved in self-disorders in schizophrenia. We discuss how such a transparency-view (1) may account for loss-of-self experiences; (2) is compatible with the key notion of "hyper-reflexivity"; and (3) can help explain instances of self-disorder involving increased sense of self. In conclusion, we consider some possible advantages of this alternative view for research on self-disorders and clinical approaches.}},
  author       = {{Feyaerts, Jasper and Nelson, Barnaby and Sass, Louis}},
  issn         = {{0951-5089}},
  journal      = {{PHILOSOPHICAL PSYCHOLOGY}},
  keywords     = {{Philosophy,Applied Psychology,Self-disorders,schizophrenia,phenomenology,minimal self,transparency,hyper-reflexivity,AUDITORY-VERBAL HALLUCINATIONS,ULTRA-HIGH RISK,EXPERIENCE,DELUSIONS,SYMPTOMS,PHENOMENOLOGY,DISTURBANCE,SPECTRUM,CONSCIOUSNESS,PSYCHOSIS}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{1}},
  pages        = {{49--76}},
  title        = {{Self-disorders in schizophrenia as disorders of transparency : an exploratory account}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1080/09515089.2024.2325545}},
  volume       = {{38}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}

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