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The effects of ambient temperature exposure on feline fecal metabolome

Olivia Chiu, Moran Tal, Abbinash Sanmugam, Myriam Hesta (UGent) , Diego E. Gomez, Jeffrey Scott Weese and Adronie Verbrugghe
(2023) FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE. 10.
Author
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Abstract
Introduction The fecal metabolome provides insight into overall gastrointestinal and microbial health. Methods for fecal sample storage in metabolomics research vary, however, making comparisons within current literature difficult. This study investigated the effect of ambient temperature exposure on microbial-derived metabolites of feline fecal samples. MethodsFecal samples were collected from 11 healthy cats from a local boarding facility. Samples were manually homogenized and aliquoted. The first aliquot was frozen at -80 degrees C within 1 hour of defecation, and remaining samples were exposed to ambient temperature for 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24 h prior to freezing at -80 degrees C. Fecal metabolites were quantified using H-1 NMR spectroscopy. Fifty metabolites were grouped into six categories (27 amino acids, 8 fatty acids, 5 sugars, 3 alcohols, 2 nitrogenous bases, 5 miscellaneous). ResultsConcentrations of 20 out of 50 metabolites significantly differed due to ambient temperature exposure (7 amino acids, 6 fatty acids, 2 alcohols, 1 nitrogenous base, 4 miscellaneous). The earliest detected changes occurred 6 h post-defecation for cadaverine and fumaric acid. DiscussionThis study shows ambient temperature exposure alters the composition of the feline fecal metabolome, but short-term (up to 4 h) exposure prior to storage in the freezer seems to be acceptable.
Keywords
fecal metabolites, fecal storage conditions, 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, amino acids, volatile fatty acids, cat, GUT MICROBIOTA, IMPACT

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MLA
Chiu, Olivia, et al. “The Effects of Ambient Temperature Exposure on Feline Fecal Metabolome.” FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE, vol. 10, Frontiers Media SA, 2023, doi:10.3389/fvets.2023.1141881.
APA
Chiu, O., Tal, M., Sanmugam, A., Hesta, M., Gomez, D. E., Weese, J. S., & Verbrugghe, A. (2023). The effects of ambient temperature exposure on feline fecal metabolome. FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2023.1141881
Chicago author-date
Chiu, Olivia, Moran Tal, Abbinash Sanmugam, Myriam Hesta, Diego E. Gomez, Jeffrey Scott Weese, and Adronie Verbrugghe. 2023. “The Effects of Ambient Temperature Exposure on Feline Fecal Metabolome.” FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2023.1141881.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Chiu, Olivia, Moran Tal, Abbinash Sanmugam, Myriam Hesta, Diego E. Gomez, Jeffrey Scott Weese, and Adronie Verbrugghe. 2023. “The Effects of Ambient Temperature Exposure on Feline Fecal Metabolome.” FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE 10. doi:10.3389/fvets.2023.1141881.
Vancouver
1.
Chiu O, Tal M, Sanmugam A, Hesta M, Gomez DE, Weese JS, et al. The effects of ambient temperature exposure on feline fecal metabolome. FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE. 2023;10.
IEEE
[1]
O. Chiu et al., “The effects of ambient temperature exposure on feline fecal metabolome,” FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE, vol. 10, 2023.
@article{01HSGBHE4E71532QGXDV68GXN4,
  abstract     = {{Introduction The fecal metabolome provides insight into overall gastrointestinal and microbial health. Methods for fecal sample storage in metabolomics research vary, however, making comparisons within current literature difficult. This study investigated the effect of ambient temperature exposure on microbial-derived metabolites of feline fecal samples. MethodsFecal samples were collected from 11 healthy cats from a local boarding facility. Samples were manually homogenized and aliquoted. The first aliquot was frozen at -80 degrees C within 1 hour of defecation, and remaining samples were exposed to ambient temperature for 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24 h prior to freezing at -80 degrees C. Fecal metabolites were quantified using H-1 NMR spectroscopy. Fifty metabolites were grouped into six categories (27 amino acids, 8 fatty acids, 5 sugars, 3 alcohols, 2 nitrogenous bases, 5 miscellaneous). ResultsConcentrations of 20 out of 50 metabolites significantly differed due to ambient temperature exposure (7 amino acids, 6 fatty acids, 2 alcohols, 1 nitrogenous base, 4 miscellaneous). The earliest detected changes occurred 6 h post-defecation for cadaverine and fumaric acid. DiscussionThis study shows ambient temperature exposure alters the composition of the feline fecal metabolome, but short-term (up to 4 h) exposure prior to storage in the freezer seems to be acceptable.}},
  author       = {{Chiu, Olivia and Tal, Moran and Sanmugam, Abbinash and Hesta, Myriam and Gomez, Diego E. and Weese, Jeffrey Scott and Verbrugghe, Adronie}},
  issn         = {{2297-1769}},
  journal      = {{FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE}},
  keywords     = {{fecal metabolites,fecal storage conditions,1 H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy,amino acids,volatile fatty acids,cat,GUT MICROBIOTA,IMPACT}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  pages        = {{8}},
  publisher    = {{Frontiers Media SA}},
  title        = {{The effects of ambient temperature exposure on feline fecal metabolome}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2023.1141881}},
  volume       = {{10}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}
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