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The societal context of professional practice : examining the impact of politics and economics on journalistic role performance across 37 countries

Claudia Mellado, Daniel C. Hallin, Nicole Blanchett, Mireya Marquez-Ramirez, Daniel Jackson, Agnieszka Stepinska, Terje Skjerdal, Marju Himma, Karen Mcintyre, Lutz M. Hagen, et al.
(2024) JOURNALISM. 25(11). p.2237-2263
Author
Organization
Abstract
The impact of socio-political variables on journalism is an ongoing concern of comparative research on media systems and professional cultures. However, they have rarely been studied systematically across diverse cases, particularly outside Western democracies, and existing studies that compare western and non-western contexts have mainly focused on journalistic role conceptions rather than actual journalistic practice. Using journalistic role performance as a theoretical and methodological framework, this paper overcomes these shortcomings through a content analysis of 148,474 news stories from 365 print, online, TV, and radio outlets in 37 countries. We consider two fundamental system-level variables-liberal democracy and market orientation-testing a series of hypotheses concerning their influence on the interventionist, watchdog, loyal-facilitator, service, infotainment, and civic roles in the news globally. Findings confirm the widely asserted hypothesis that liberal democracy is associated with the performance of public-service oriented roles. Claims that market orientation reinforces critical and civic-oriented journalism show more mixed results and give some support to the argument that there are forms of "market authoritarianism" associated with loyalist journalism. The findings also show that the interventionist and infotainment roles are not significantly associated with the standard measures of political and economic structure, suggesting the need for more research on their varying forms across societies and the kinds of system-level factors that might explain them.
Keywords
MEDIA SYSTEMS, PRESS, NEWS, UNIVERSAL, Journalistic cultures, role performance, professional roles, media systems, comparative studies

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MLA
Mellado, Claudia, et al. “The Societal Context of Professional Practice : Examining the Impact of Politics and Economics on Journalistic Role Performance across 37 Countries.” JOURNALISM, vol. 25, no. 11, 2024, pp. 2237–63, doi:10.1177/14648849241229951.
APA
Mellado, C., Hallin, D. C., Blanchett, N., Marquez-Ramirez, M., Jackson, D., Stepinska, A., … Wyss, V. (2024). The societal context of professional practice : examining the impact of politics and economics on journalistic role performance across 37 countries. JOURNALISM, 25(11), 2237–2263. https://doi.org/10.1177/14648849241229951
Chicago author-date
Mellado, Claudia, Daniel C. Hallin, Nicole Blanchett, Mireya Marquez-Ramirez, Daniel Jackson, Agnieszka Stepinska, Terje Skjerdal, et al. 2024. “The Societal Context of Professional Practice : Examining the Impact of Politics and Economics on Journalistic Role Performance across 37 Countries.” JOURNALISM 25 (11): 2237–63. https://doi.org/10.1177/14648849241229951.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Mellado, Claudia, Daniel C. Hallin, Nicole Blanchett, Mireya Marquez-Ramirez, Daniel Jackson, Agnieszka Stepinska, Terje Skjerdal, Marju Himma, Karen Mcintyre, Lutz M. Hagen, Pauline Amiel, Yasser Abuali, Nagwa Fahmy, Sandrine Boudana, Yi-Ning Katherine Chen, Sergey Davidov, Mariana De Maio, Maximiliano Frias Vazquez, Miguel Garces, Maria Luisa Humanes, Petra Herczeg, Misook Lee, Christi I-Hsuan Lin, Jad Melki, Jacques Mick, Roberto Mincigrucci, Danka Ninkovic Slavnic, David Nolan, Dasniel Olivera, Samantha Olmedo, Marcela Pizarro, Fergal Quinn, Gabriella Szabo, Sarah Van Leuven, Diana Viveros Aguilar, and Vinzenz Wyss. 2024. “The Societal Context of Professional Practice : Examining the Impact of Politics and Economics on Journalistic Role Performance across 37 Countries.” JOURNALISM 25 (11): 2237–2263. doi:10.1177/14648849241229951.
Vancouver
1.
Mellado C, Hallin DC, Blanchett N, Marquez-Ramirez M, Jackson D, Stepinska A, et al. The societal context of professional practice : examining the impact of politics and economics on journalistic role performance across 37 countries. JOURNALISM. 2024;25(11):2237–63.
IEEE
[1]
C. Mellado et al., “The societal context of professional practice : examining the impact of politics and economics on journalistic role performance across 37 countries,” JOURNALISM, vol. 25, no. 11, pp. 2237–2263, 2024.
@article{01HSDE8KSDA6YTY7EQCRQ1VD18,
  abstract     = {{The impact of socio-political variables on journalism is an ongoing concern of comparative research on media systems and professional cultures. However, they have rarely been studied systematically across diverse cases, particularly outside Western democracies, and existing studies that compare western and non-western contexts have mainly focused on journalistic role conceptions rather than actual journalistic practice. Using journalistic role performance as a theoretical and methodological framework, this paper overcomes these shortcomings through a content analysis of 148,474 news stories from 365 print, online, TV, and radio outlets in 37 countries. We consider two fundamental system-level variables-liberal democracy and market orientation-testing a series of hypotheses concerning their influence on the interventionist, watchdog, loyal-facilitator, service, infotainment, and civic roles in the news globally. Findings confirm the widely asserted hypothesis that liberal democracy is associated with the performance of public-service oriented roles. Claims that market orientation reinforces critical and civic-oriented journalism show more mixed results and give some support to the argument that there are forms of "market authoritarianism" associated with loyalist journalism. The findings also show that the interventionist and infotainment roles are not significantly associated with the standard measures of political and economic structure, suggesting the need for more research on their varying forms across societies and the kinds of system-level factors that might explain them.}},
  author       = {{Mellado, Claudia and  Hallin, Daniel C. and  Blanchett, Nicole and  Marquez-Ramirez, Mireya and  Jackson, Daniel and  Stepinska, Agnieszka and  Skjerdal, Terje and  Himma, Marju and  Mcintyre, Karen and  Hagen, Lutz M. and  Amiel, Pauline and  Abuali, Yasser and  Fahmy, Nagwa and  Boudana, Sandrine and  Chen, Yi-Ning Katherine and  Davidov, Sergey and  De Maio, Mariana and  Frias Vazquez, Maximiliano and  Garces, Miguel and  Humanes, Maria Luisa and  Herczeg, Petra and  Lee, Misook and  Lin, Christi I-Hsuan and  Melki, Jad and  Mick, Jacques and  Mincigrucci, Roberto and  Ninkovic Slavnic, Danka and  Nolan, David and  Olivera, Dasniel and  Olmedo, Samantha and  Pizarro, Marcela and  Quinn, Fergal and  Szabo, Gabriella and Van Leuven, Sarah and  Viveros Aguilar, Diana and  Wyss, Vinzenz}},
  issn         = {{1464-8849}},
  journal      = {{JOURNALISM}},
  keywords     = {{MEDIA SYSTEMS,PRESS,NEWS,UNIVERSAL,Journalistic cultures,role performance,professional roles,media systems,comparative studies}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{11}},
  pages        = {{2237--2263}},
  title        = {{The societal context of professional practice : examining the impact of politics and economics on journalistic role performance across 37 countries}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1177/14648849241229951}},
  volume       = {{25}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}
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